Chapter 3 Vocabulary (Textbook) Flashcards
anarchism
A political ideology that stresses the elimination of the state and private property as a way to achieve both freedom and equality for all
citizenship
An individual’s relationship to the state, wherein citizens swear allegiance to that state and the state in return is obligated to provide rights to those citizens
communism
(1) A political-economic system in which all wealth and property are shared so as to eliminate exploitation, oppression, and, ultimately, the need for political institutions such as the state; (2) a political ideology that advocates such a system
conservatives
Those with a political attitude that is skeptical of change and supports the current order
culture
Basic institutions that define a society
ethnic conflict
A conflict in which different ethnic groups struggle to achieve certain political and economic goals at each other’s expense
ethnic identity/ethnicity
Specific attributes and societal institutions that make one group culturally different from others
fundamentalism
A view of religion as absolute and inerrant and that it should be legally enforced by making faith the sovereign authority
fascism
A political ideology that asserts the superiority and inferiority of different groups of people and stresses a low degree of both freedom and equality in order to achieve a powerful state
liberal democracy
A political system that promotes participation, competition, and liberty and emphasizes individual freedom and civil rights
liberalism
(1) a political attitude that favors evolutionary transformation; (2) an ideology and political system that favors a limited state role in society and the economy and places a high priority on individual political and economic freedom
liberals
Those with a political attitude that favors evolutionary change and who believe that existing institutions can be instruments of positive change
nation
A group that desires self-government through and independent state
nation-state
A state encompassing one dominant nation that it claims to emobdy and represent
national conflict
A conflict in which one or more groups within a country develop clear aspirations for political independence, clashing with others as a result
national identity
A sense of belonging to a nation and a belief in its political aspirations
nationalism
Pride in one’s people and the belief that they have a unique political destiny
patriotism
Pride in one’s state
political attitude
Description of one’s views regarding the speed and methods with which political changes should take place in a given society
political culture
The basic norms for political activity in a society
political ideology
The basic values held by an individual about the fundamental goals politics or the ideal balance between freedom and equality
radicals
Those with a political attitude that favors dramatic, often revolutionary change
reactionaries
Those who seek to restore the institutions of a real or imagined earlier order
social democracy/socialism
(1) a political-economic system in which freedom and equality are balanced through the state’s management of the economy and the provision of social expenditures; (2) a political ideology that advocates such a system
