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S3- Musculoskeletal > iRA/tRA- C-Spine Anatomy and Biomechanics Review > Flashcards

iRA/tRA- C-Spine Anatomy and Biomechanics Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the typical cervical vertebrae?

A

C3-C7

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2
Q

Describe each of these structures of the cervical vertebrae:

  • Body
  • Uncinate Processes
  • Pedicles
  • Transverse Processes
A
  • Body- small, broad
  • Uncinate Processes- prominence on lateral discal surfaces of superior body; saddle shape (uncoverteral joints)
  • Pedicles- posterolateral projection
  • Transverse Processes- transverse foramen (except C7), anterior and posterior tubercles located on processes
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3
Q

The cervical spinous process is bifid except for which vertebrae?

A

-C7 and commonly C6

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4
Q

What are the foramen of the cervical vertebrae?

A
  • spinal
  • intervertebral
  • foramen transversarium
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5
Q

C1 is known as the ______ and is divided into what 2 portions?

A
  • Atlas (bony ring)

- anterior and posterior arch

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6
Q

The anterior arch of C1 has a posterior surface that articulates with the _______ from C2. The anterior arch also has an anterior tubercle.

A

dens

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7
Q

The posterior arch of C1 has a groove for the _________ artery. It also has a posterior tubercle which is the attachment for ____________.

A
  • vertebral

- ligamenta flava

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8
Q

What part of C1 articulates with the occipital condyles?

A

lateral masses

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9
Q

The transverse processes of C1 are ______ than C2-C6 and are palpable between mastoid processes and ramus of mandible.

A

longer

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10
Q
  • C2 articular pillars superior facets are slightly _______.

- C2 articular pillars inferior facets are oriented ________ and __________.

A
  • convex

- inferiorly and anteriorly

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11
Q

What protrudes from the body of C2 and is the axle for head rotation?

A

dens

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12
Q

What are the stabilizing ligaments of the dens?

A
  • transverse ligament
  • apical ligament
  • alar ligaments
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13
Q

What is the intervertebral disc made up of?

A
  • nucleus pulposus
  • annulus fibrosis
  • vertebral endplates
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14
Q

The nucleus pulposus is a semifluid, mucoid material that can be _______, but not compressed.

A

deformed

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15
Q

The vertebral endplate has what 2 layers?

A
  • hyaline cartilage- towards vertebral body

- fibrocartilage- towards nucleus

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16
Q

The vertebral endplate is _______ attached to the vertebral bodies and ________ attached to the IV disc.

A
  • weakly

- strongly

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17
Q

How do the vertebral discs get nutrients?

A

Since they are not vascularized, they rely on diffusion from the end plates compression.

18
Q

Is the annulus fibrosis thicker anteriorly or posteriorly?

A

anteriorly

19
Q

The posterior annulus has a ________ fissure that allows for swinging motion of cervical vertebral bodies.

A

transverse

20
Q

The zygopophyseal joint is synonymous with _____ joints and ________ joints.

A
  • facet

- apophyseal

21
Q

What type of joint is the z-joint and what is its function?

A
  • synovial joint (lining surrounded by capsule)

- guide and limit movement of spine

22
Q
  • -What is the leaf-like fold of synovium that encloses fat, collagen, and blood vessels. It projects up to 5mm into the joint cavity of the z-joints.
  • What is the function of the fibro-adipose meniscoid of the z-joints?
A

-Fibro-adipose meniscoid

Transmits loads and protects articular cartilage that would otherwise be exposed during motion.

23
Q

-Is the fibro-adipose meniscoid of the z-joints innervated?

A

Yes, highly innervated

24
Q

Can we feel pain in the vertebral disc?

A

Only when it gets to the outer layers where the sinuvertebral nerve is located.

25
Q

Where are the joints of Luschka located?

A

Between the uncinate process of vertebrae below and inferolateral border of superior vertebrae.

26
Q

What type of joint is the joint of Luschka?

A

synovial

27
Q

The multifidi are important in cervical spine ________.

A

stabilization

28
Q

What are the 4 suboccipital muscles?

A
  • Obliquus Capitis Inferior
  • Obliquus Capitis Superior
  • Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
  • Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
29
Q

The scalenes can act to ________ the lordotic curve of the cervical spine when the longus colli isn’t active.

A

increase

30
Q

What are the 3 parts of the cruciate ligament?

A
  • Transverse
  • Transverso-occipital
  • Transverso-axial
31
Q

What movement does the cruciate ligament check?

A

cervical flexion

32
Q

The alar ligaments go from the _____ to the occipital condyles and limit C1-C2 ________.

A
  • dens

- rotation

33
Q

The apical ligament goes from the apex of the dens to the anterior ________________.

A

foramen magnum

34
Q

The tectoral membrane goes from the posterior body of ____ to above foramen magnum.

A

C2

35
Q

The posterior longitudinal ligament blends with the tectoral membrane and spans from the posterior body of C2 to the ______.

A

sacrum

36
Q

The ________________ ligament blends with the anterior bodies and anulus/end-plate.

A

ALL (anterior longitudinal ligament)

37
Q

The ligamenta flava connects adjacent _________ and check cervical ________.

A
  • laminae

- flexion

38
Q

The ligamentum nuchae is continuous with the ____________ ligament.

A

supraspinous

39
Q

What are the clinical implications of compression of nerve roots PRIOR to convergence?

A

We could have possible sensory OR motor impairment

40
Q

The brachial plexus passes between the _______ and ________ scalene muscles. The _________ sheath surrounds the plexus. The cords pass deep to the clavicle and pec minor.

A
  • anterior and middle

- axillary

41
Q

What are some reasons for differing normative values for the c-spine?

A
  • differences in studied populations
  • differences in measurement tools
  • confusion between PROM vs. AROM

S3- Musculoskeletal (27 decks)

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