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AP Euro Extra > IR/Economic Systems > Flashcards

IR/Economic Systems Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

Putting-out system / Cottage Industry

A

Rural workers used hand tools in their homes w/ no strict regulations; merchants loaned raw materials to rural workers, who returned finished products to the merchants

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2
Q

Spinning Jenny

A

James Hargreaves: hand-powered, for spinning

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3
Q

Water Frame

A

Richard Arkwright: water-powered, for spinning, factories, improved upon Spinning Jenny

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4
Q

Spinning Mule

A

Samuel Crompton: for spinning, factories, improved upon Water Frame

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5
Q

Steam Engine

A

James Watt: solved energy problem/shortage of wood from ag. rev. (runs on coal), faster inland transport

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6
Q

Puddling Furnace

A

Henry Cort: puddlers cook molten iron in the furnace and create inexpensive iron products, caused iron industry boom, supported steam/rail industries

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7
Q

Locomotive (Rocket)

A

George Stephenson: Railroads promoted iron industry (rails), improved upon Steam Engine, cheaper shipping, new obsession w/ power and speed

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8
Q

Crystal Palace

A

(London) interior exhibits, celebrated Britain’s industrial dominance

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9
Q

Thomas Malthus

A

Essay on the Principle of Population: population is growing faster than resources can support, society must use “preventative” checks (less birth) and “positive” checks (more death). The poor are at fault for their overpopulation.

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10
Q

David Ricardo

A

Iron Law of Wages: wages would always sink to subsistence level b/c of population growth

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11
Q

Friedrich List

A

National System of Political Economy: anti-free trade, pro-protective tariff

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12
Q

Economic Nationalism

A

Policies aimed at protecting and developing a county’s economy

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13
Q

Protective Tariff

A

Tax on imported goods, aids domestic economy

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14
Q

Limited Liability

A

An investor cannot lose more than he invests

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15
Q

Crédit Mobilier

A

French bank, funded RR’s

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16
Q

Power Loom

A

Edmund Cartwright: weaving - textile industry

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17
Q

Capital

A

Money

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18
Q

Labor

A

Work

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19
Q

Class-conciousness

A

An individual’s sense of class differentiation

20
Q

Luddites

A

Group of handicraft workers in N. England who attacked whole factories, smashing new machines that they claimed were putting them out of work

21
Q

Robert Owen

A

Self-made Scottish cotton manufacturer and social reformer, criticized young child labor, cared about his workers but still disciplined them, organized the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union (large, but eventually collapsed)

22
Q

Separate Spheres

A

A gender division of labor with the wife at home as mother and homemaker and the husband as wage earner

23
Q

Factory Act of 1833

A

England: limited the factory workday for children, kids under 9 had to attend factory-run schools

24
Q

Mines Act of 1842

A

England: prohibited underground work for all women/girls as well as for boys under 10

25
Q

Combination Acts of 1799

A

England: outlawed unions and strikes, favoring capitalist business people over skilled artisans. Resented and largely disregarded, eventually repealed in 1824

26
Q

Grand National Consolidated Trades Union

A

Organized by Robert Owen, one of the largest and most visionary of the early national unions, eventually collapsed

27
Q

Amalgamated Society of Engineers

A

“New model union” in Britain, represented skilled machinists

28
Q

Chartists

A

Movement which sought political democracy and voting rights for all men, many workers joined

29
Q

Second Industrial Revolution

A

(1860-1914)

Steel, electricity, planes, cars, telephone, telegraph, movies, radio, etc.

30
Q

Capitalism

A

Adam Smith: laissez-faire (as opposed to mercantilism), individual ownership.
Problems: unequal dist. of wealth, huge gap b/t rich and poor

31
Q

Laissez-faire

A

gov’t should not intervene in economy (free market, market economy)

32
Q

Adam Smith

A

The Wealth of Nations: Pursuit of domestic industry is beneficial for both the individual and the society (invisible hand). Smith is the father of Capitalism/modern economics.

33
Q

Socialism

A

Some gov’t ownership, some individual ownership (mixed economy). Gov’t can interfere in economy, no social classes.

34
Q

French Utopian Socialists

A

Blanc, Fourier, Proudhon, Saint-Simon

35
Q

Louis Blanc

A

Organization of Work: social workshops (prices over a minimum level, no more monopoly). Urged proletariat to take control of the state peacefully.

36
Q

Charles Fourier

A

Theory of Social Organization: phalanxes (self-sufficient communities of 1620 people). Encouraged emancipation of women/abolition of marriage. He was hella crazy.

37
Q

Pierre Joseph Proudhon

A

Argued that property is profit that is stolen from the worker.

38
Q

Count Henri de Saint-Simon

A

Encouraged improved conditions for the poor. Early utopian socialist.

39
Q

Communism

A

(Marxian Socialism, command economy). ~revolutionary socialism, realized that utopian socialism is not practical based on history of class struggles. Revolution- proletariat should overthrow bourgeoisie. No private property, no social classes. Gov’t would wither away - society of workers.

40
Q

Karl Marx

A

Founder of communism

41
Q

Friedrich Engels

A

Criticized the state of the working class in England. Co-author of the Communist Manifesto (w/ Marx).

42
Q

The Communist Manifesto

A

Marx/Engels. Synthesized Communist ideas.

43
Q

Agents of Continental Industrialization

A

1) skilled workers
2) entrepreneurs
3) governments
4) banks

44
Q

Why did Continental industrialization lag?

A

GB goods already dominant, factory labor shortage.

45
Q

Why was Britain the first to Industrialize?

A

large market, waterways, natural resources, agricultural rev., strong central bank, stable gov., no domestic tariffs

AP Euro Extra (3 decks)

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