IR

Question 1

Demonstrates the contour and the integrity of the thoracic vasculature

Answer 1

THORACIC ANGIOGRAPHY

Question 2

THORACIC ANGIOGRAPHY: Pathologic Indications

Answer 2

⚫Vascular stenosis
⚫Aneurysms
⚫Trauma
⚫Embolus
⚫Congenital Anomaly
⚫Aortic dissection

Question 3

THORACIC ANGIOGRAPHY: Catheterization

Answer 3

⚫Femoral approach is preferred

Question 4

THORACIC ANGIOGRAPHY: Contrast Media

Answer 4

Water-soluble iodinated CM
⚫50-70 ml

Question 5

THORACIC ANGIOGRAPHY: Imaging

Answer 5

⚫A 45degrees LAO or RPO is preferred to prevent superimposition of proximal aorta
⚫Make the exposures at the end of suspended inspiration
⚫CR at the level of T6
⚫Injection rates of 25-35 ml/sec for total of 50-70 ml

Question 6

For __, move the patient’s arms superiorly so that they do not appear in the image.

Answer 6

lateral projections

Question 7

THORACIC ANGIOGRAPHY
For best results, increase the lateral SID, usually to ___, so that magnification is reduced.

Answer 7

60 inches (152 cm)

Question 8

Evaluate abdominal aortic aneurysm, occlusion, or atherosclerotic disease

Answer 8

ABDOMINAL ANGIOGRAPHY

Question 9

ABDOMINAL ANGIOGRAPHY: Pathologic Indications

Answer 9

⚫Vascular stenosis or occlusion
⚫Aneurysms
⚫Trauma
⚫Atherosclerotic diseases
⚫Congenital anomaly
⚫GI bleeding

Question 10

ABDOMINAL ANGIOGRAPHY: Catheterization

Answer 10

⚫Femoral approach is preferred

Question 11

ABDOMINAL ANGIOGRAPHY: Contrast Media

Answer 11

⚫Water-soluble iodinated CM
⚫60 ml

Question 12

ABDOMINAL ANGIOGRAPHY: Imaging

Answer 12

⚫AP and Lateral imaging
⚫From the diaphragm to its bifurcation
⚫Injection rates of 25 ml/sec for total of 60 ml

Question 13

ABDOMINAL ANGIOGRAPHY: Central Ray

Answer 13

⚫Level of L2
⚫Begin making the exposures simultaneously with the beginning of the injection and the end of suspended expiration
⚫The AP projection best demonstrates the renal artery origins, the aortic bifurcation, and the course and general condition of all abdominal visceral branches.

Question 14

is the radiographic/ angiographic examinations of the blood vessels of the brain.

Answer 14

CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY

Question 15

It is performed to investigate intracranial vascular lesions such as aneurysms, AVMs, tumors, and atherosclerotic or stenotic lesions.

Answer 15

CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY

Question 16

(Anterior brain circulation)

Answer 16

Left and Right Internal carotid arteries

Question 17

(Posterior brain circulation)

Answer 17

Left and Right Vertebral arteries

Question 18

Provide vascular roadmap for localization and diagnosis of pathology and other anomalies of the brain and neck vessels

Answer 18

CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY

Question 19

CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY: Pathological Indications

Answer 19

Vascular stenosis
Aneurysms
Trauma
Arteriovenous malformations (AVM)
Neoplastic diseases

Question 20

CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY: Catheterization

Answer 20

Femoral approach is preferred

Question 21

CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY: Contrast Media

Answer 21

Water-soluble iodinated CM
Usually 5-10 ml

Question 22

CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY: Imaging

Answer 22

Imaging sequence must include all phases – arterial, capillary, and venous – typically will be 8-10 seconds long
Injection rates of 5-9 ml/sec for 1-2 seconds

Question 23

Anterior Circulation: Lat. Projection - Pos and CR

Answer 23

Pos.:
Place the IOML perpendicular to the horizontal plane
Place the MSP vertical, thereby parallel with the plane of the image receptor
C.R.:
Slightly cranial to the auricle and midway between the forehead and the occiput.

Question 24

Anterior Circulation: AP Axial Proj (Supraorbital) - Pos and CR

Answer 24

Pos.:
IOML is placed vertical with the IR
C.R.:
Directed 20 degrees caudal for the AP axial
20 degrees cephalad for the PA axial projection
Directed along a line passing 3/4 inch ( 1 .9 cm) superior to and parallel with a line extending from the supraorbital margin to a point 3/4 inch ( 1 .9 cm) superior to the EAM
Achieving the goal in this angiogram requires superimposition of the supraorbital margins on the superior margin of the petrous ridges so that the vessels are projected above the floor of the anterior cranial fossa

Question 25

Posterior Circulation: Lat. Projection - Pos and CR

Answer 25

Pos:
Place the IOML perpendicular to the horizontal plane
MSP vertical and thereby parallel with the plane of the IR
C.R.:
Directed horizontal to the mastoid process at a point about 3/8 inch (1 cm) superior to and 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) posterior to the EAM

Question 26

Posterior Circulation: AP Axial Projection - Pos and CR

Answer 26

Pos:
Center MSP perpendicular to the midline of the grid
Extend the head enough so that the IOML is vertical.
C.R.:
Direct the central ray to the region approximately 1 1/2 inches (3.8 cm) superior to the glabella at an angle of 30 to 35 degrees caudad.
The central ray exits at the level of the EAM
For this projection the supraorbital margins are positioned approximately 1 inch (1 .9 c m ) below the superior margins of the petrous ridges

Question 27

Investigate pulmonary embolus

Answer 27

PULMONARY ANGIOGRAPHY

Question 28

PULMONARY ANGIOGRAPHY: Pathological Indications

Answer 28

Vascular stenosis
Embolus
Aneurysms
Congenital Anomaly
Aortic dissection

Question 29

PULMONARY ANGIOGRAPHY: Contrast Media

Answer 29

Water-soluble iodinated CM
50 ml

Question 30

PULMONARY ANGIOGRAPHY: Imaging

Answer 30

AP and Lateral imaging; 60 inches SID for lateral
350 RAO or LPO
Respiration is suspended during image acquisition
Injection rates of 25 ml/sec for total of 50 ml