IQ:1 - cell structure Flashcards
What is a prokaryotic cell?
They have a simple structure, unicellular, lack membrane- bound organelles (nucleus) and the DNA is found in the cytoplasm (is in a cicular) shape. Examples are bacteria and archaea.
What is a eukaryotic cell?
They have a complex structure and are larger than prokaryotic cells. The organelles are membrane-bound, can be both uni or multicellular and the DNA is found in the nucleus. Examples are protists, fungi, animals and plants.
What are the similarities between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
both cells have:
- ribosomes
- DNA
- cytoplasm
- a cell membrane
- flagella
What is an example of bacteria and archaea?
Bacteria: Ecoli, bacillus
Archaea: Methanogens, hyperthermophiles
Define magnification.
Describes how many times bigger an image gets when it’s under a microscope.
Define resolution.
Describes how much fine detail we can in a image. Defined as the smallest distance that two objects can be apart while still appearing as two objects.
List technologies used to study cells.
- Fluorescent microscope
- Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
- Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
- Light microscope
- Confocal laser scanning microscope
Who was the first person to discover cells and what did he looking at?
Robert Hook and he was looking at a cork.
What is the cell theory?
“All living things are made of cells” - Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleidan
“All cells come from cells.” - Rudolf Virchow
What is the difference between an animal and plant cell?
Animal cells do not have a cell wall, chloroplast and a large vacuole while plant cells do. Plant cells do not have microtubules and centrioles while animal cells do.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of eletron microscopes and a light microscope?
Electron microscopes can:
- produce high quality 3D images
- have a better resolution
- show many tissue and cellular arrangements
however:
- they’re very expensive
- scientists needs to highly qualified and trained
- the process of observing the organism can lead to the death of it
- produce only in black and white
- they’re very heavy and rigid
- the low pressure can cause distorted images
What the biomacromolecules?
Proteins (made of amino acids and play part of the sturctural role in the cell and tissue), lipids (store energy - fats and the structural prt of the membrane), carbohydrates (source of energy and structural component) and nucleic acid (DNA and RNA).
What is the Fluid Mosiac Model in simple terms?
The Fluid Mosiac Model explains various characteristics of the cell membrane and how it functions.
What are the main parts of the cell membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer (hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails), extrinsic/peripheral protein (on the outside), integral protein (goes all the way through), chloesteral and glycoprotein (stands ontop of protein).
