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Networking Comptia + > IPV4 Address Facts > Flashcards

IPV4 Address Facts Flashcards

1
Q

Most networks today make use of the Internet Protocol (IP) for communication. On an IP network, each host device is assigned a unique Layer 3 logical identifier called an IP address. The IP address is used to identify and locate each device on the network.

A

facts

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2
Q

-Each host on a network must be assigned an IPv4 configuration.
-The IPv4 configuration consists of four main components:

A

-IPv4 address
-Subnet mask
-Default gateway
-DNS server address

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3
Q

-A 32-bit address that consists of four decimal numbers (ranging from 0-255), each separated by a dot (e.g., 192.168.1.50).
-Each decimal number is known as an octet, as it consists of eight 1’s and 0’s.
-The decimal values range from 0-255 because there are 256 (28) combinations of 1’s and 0’s

A

IPv4 address

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4
Q

IPv4 address has two components

A

-host ID
-network ID

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5
Q

The host ID

A

is a unique value for each host

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6
Q

network ID

A

identifies the network the host is on. All hosts on the network will have the same network ID

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7
Q

subnet mask

A

The subnet mask also consists of four octets. Each octet is usually either a 0 or 255, but not always. The subnet mask is used to identify the octets in the IPv4 address that are the host ID and those that are the network ID.

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8
Q

Example of subnet mask

A

255 represents the network ID and 0 represents the host ID. For example:
The subnet mask 255.255.0.0 indicates that the first two octets in the IPv4 address are the network ID and the last two octets are the host ID.

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9
Q

Default gateway

A

is responsible for forwarding data packets to destinations outside of the network

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10
Q

example of default gateway

A

when a host requests a internet site, the request is sent to the gateway device which then forwards the request to the appropriate destination. When the requested data comes back, the gateway sends it to the requesting host device.
The default gateway is typically a router that sits on the edge of the network.

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11
Q

The IPv4 configuration specifies the address of the default gateway.

A

facts

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12
Q

The DNS server

A

is responsible converting hostnames to IP addresses. Part of the IPv4 configuration is specifying the address of the DNS server.

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13
Q

DNS Server facts

A

On a network, including the internet, computers use IP addresses to identify each other and specify where data should go. However, it is much easier for users to use hostnames to identify websites or other network devices.

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14
Q

Two methods can be used to configure hosts with IPv4 configurations:

A

-static
-dynamic

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15
Q

Static configuration

A

-Each host must be manually configured. -The main benefit of static configuration is that the IP configuration does not change.
-The host retains the IP address even if the device is shut down and rebooted.
-A static configuration is best used on devices that are accessed by other hosts, such as servers and network printers.

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16
Q

The drawbacks of using a static configuration include:

A

-Each device must be manually configured.
-This is very time consuming with larger networks.
-It is easy to accidentally enter in the wrong information such as the default gateway or an incorrect subnet mask.
-It is easy to duplicate addresses.
-Keep detailed documentation of IP address assignment.

17
Q

Dynamic configuration

A

-A dynamic configuration uses the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
-This method uses a server that is configured with the network’s IP configuration information.

18
Q

Dynamic configuration facts

A

When a new device connects to the network, it sends a broadcast message on the network looking for the DHCP server.
The DHCP server then responds and provides the host with the IPv4 configuration.
Using DHCP makes the configuration process much easier as the process is automated once the server has been configured.

19
Q

Many SOHO wireless routers have DHCP functionality and can serve as a DHCP server.

A

facts

20
Q

Because IP addresses assigned to hosts must be unique, the use of IP addresses on the internet is controlled by organizations that ensure that every organization is given its own range of IP addresses to assign to hosts:

A

facts

21
Q

IP addresses have a default class. The address class identifies the range of IP addresses and the default subnet mask used for the range.

A

facts

22
Q

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) .

A

manages the assignment of IP addresses on the internet

23
Q

IANA is operated by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).

A

facts

24
Q

IANA allocates blocks of IP addresses to Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). An RIR has authority over IP addresses in a specific region of the world.

A

facts

25
Q

An RIR assigns blocks of addresses to internet service providers (ISPs).

A

facts

26
Q

An ISP assigns one or more IP addresses to individual computers or organizations connected to the internet.

A

facts

27
Q

Because each IP address on any network, including the internet, must be unique, each IP class has a reserved range for private IP addresses.

A

facts

28
Q

Public IP addresses are those that are used on the internet. These are typically assigned by the ISP.

A

facts

29
Q

Private IP addresses are used on internal networks only and are not used on the internet.
When a device on the internal network accesses the internet, that data traffic is sent using the public IP address.
Because private IP addresses are never used on the internet, users in one private network can have the same IP address as users in another private network.

A

facts

30
Q

A feature that allows a device to automatically assign itself an IP address on the 169.254.0.0 network when a DHCP server or manual configuration is unavailable.

A

Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)
169.254.0.0

31
Q

Loopback
127.0.0.1

A

This special address is also known as home or localhost. This address is reserved by each network interface card (NIC) and is used for testing purposes. Ping requests can be sent to this address and if returned means that the NIC is capable of sending and receiving data packets.

32
Q

The last valid IP address on a network is reserved for broadcast functions. Any packet sent to this address is sent to all devices on the network subnet.

A

Broadcast
..*.255

33
Q

Network
..*.0

A

The first valid IP address on the network is reserved for the network ID. This address is used for routing purposes to identify the network and is not usually assigned to a host.

34
Q

Because the network address and broadcast address reserve the first and last valid IP addresses, usually host IDs don’t end in a 0 or 255. But, there are instances where they do.

A

facts

Networking Comptia + (6 decks)

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