Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RT Tech > IPPA > Flashcards

IPPA Flashcards

1
Q

Nasal flaring is….

A

External nares flare outward during inhalation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pursed lip breathing is during…..and in which patients…

A

Exhalation…copd….why? To provide slight resistance to the exhaled breath. This resistance provides modest back pressure in the airways during exhalation and prevents their premature collapse. This technique alters I:E ratio extending the expiratory time and thus allowing more complete exhalation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which cranial nerve should be intact for pupillary reflex

A

2 and 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What causes the pupils to be dilated and fixed?

A

The condition is called mydriasis. So when patient is brain death, catecholamines and atropine are given usually and that causes the pupil to become dilated and fixed. Because atropine minimizes the use of assessing pupillary reflexes as a measure of patients neurologic status.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What causes pinpoint pupils…

A

Parasympathetic stimulants and opiates…called miosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ptosis is…

A

Drooping of upper eyelid may be an early sign of disease involving third cranial nerve and also respiratory failure. Eg: myasthenia Travis, congenital defects,cranial tumors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nystagmus is…

A

Involuntary cyclic movement of eyeballs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Physical examination of neck includes…

A

Inspection and palpation…of JVP, trachea by palpating the suprasternal notch at the base of the anterior neck.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Trachea shifts away, deviates, to the unaffected side in….

A

Tension Pneumothorax, plueral effusion, or lung tumor. Due to excess air, fluid or tissue, trachea moves from the affected side to the unaffected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Trachea shifts towards in..

A

Atelectasis, lung resection…..due to reduced lung volumes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/f, when the abnormalities exists in the lower lung fields, the trachea shift may not happen unless the defect is severe…

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dilated pupils that respond poorly to light are often a sign of….

A

Neurological damage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

JVD is a sign of….

A

Right heart failure, due too fluid overload.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain JVP

A

JVP is estimated by examining the level of the column of blood in jugular veins. JVP reflects the volume and pressure of the venous blood in the right side of the heart.
Internal jugular vein is most reliable.
When In supine position the neck veins of healthy person is full, but as we raise the angle to 45 degree, the level of the column of blood descends to a point no more than a few cm above the clavicle with normal venous pressure. But with elevated venous pressure, the neck veins may be distended as high as the angle of the jaw, even when the person is upright.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

With the head of the bed elevated to 45 degrees angle, venous distention should…

A

Not be greater than 3 to 4 cm above the sternal angle…sternal angle is the universal because it measures its distance above the right atrium nearly constant(5cm) in all positions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The degree of venous distention can be estimated with

A

By measuring the distance of the veins are distended above the sternal angle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When should JVP be estimated…

A

At the end of expiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

JVD may also occur with…

A

Hypervolaemia and when the venous return to the right atrium is obstructed by tumors in the mediastinum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

For the chest examination what position the patient has to be in?

A

Always upright….if patient is sick then raise the bed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the term used for outward sternal protrusion anteriorly

A

So remember if outward sternal protusion then it is pectus carinatum. Also called pigeon breast.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the term used for depression of part or all of the sternum…

A

Pectus excavatum…becuz their sternum is depressed their abdomin is scooped out.

22
Q

Flail chest and paradoxical breathing…

A

Normally when we breath, on inspiration chest moves outward and on expiration chest moves inwar….here it is opp. On inspiration chest moves inward and on expiration chest moves outward.

23
Q

What is abdominal paradox and respiratory alterans?

A

Abdominal paradoxus is when your diaphragm fatigues and the abdomin shrinks inwards with each inspiratory effort. Now all work is done by contraction of accessory muscles.
Whereas respiratory alterans, which is also due to diaphragm fatigue, but is seen as alternating between breathing only with the chest muscles and only breathing with the diaphragm.

24
Q

What is retractions?

A

It is the inward movement of skin over the chest and trach. And why u think it happens?

Due to increased effort in inhalation. Retractions are seen in between the ribs(intercoastal), below the ribs (sub coastal) or above the clavicles(supraclavicle).

25
Q

Female tend to produce more chest wall movement as compared to male?

A

Yes, make breath with diaphragm and female breath with combination of diaphragm and inter coastal muscles.

26
Q

Prolonged inspiratory time is seen on

A

Upper airway obstruction

27
Q

Prolonged expiratory time is seen in

A

Intra thoracic airway obstruction.

28
Q

Contraction of the flattened diaphragm pulls the lateral margins of the chest wall inward during each inspiratory effort is known as

A

Hoover sign. Due to severe hyperinflation. Seen in copd patients. Also abdominal paradoxus is seen in copd patient after weening from ventilator.

29
Q

Percussion is also used to identify

A

Diaphragmatic excursion.

30
Q

Bell is used to auscultation….sounds and diaphragm is use to auscultate….sounds

A

Bell- heart
Diaphragm- lung sounds

31
Q

Harsh or bronchial breath sound has increased or decreased density

A

Indicates increased density. It is a louder version of the normal breath sounds

32
Q

Diminished breath sounds has increase or decreased density?

A

It indicates lack of airflow to that area. It’s not about density. It is softer version of the normal breath sound

33
Q

Absent breath sound is when…

A

No sound heard or no air mov to that area.

34
Q

Pleural rub sound is due to…

A

Pleura caused by inflammation not from the lung….

35
Q

Crackles are heard when…on inspiration or expiration or both?

A

Heard on inspiration.
Coarse crackle- secretions
Fine or soft crackles- fluid

36
Q

Wheezes heard on inspiration, or expiration or both?

A

Most often on exhalation but can be heard on inhalation also.

Polymorphic
Monomorphic

37
Q

ROP what is the guideline to keep their PAO2?

A

<80 mmhg

38
Q

MDI how much dose goes to lungs

A

9%

39
Q

How much dose goes in the lungs for dpi

A

27%

40
Q

Which device is best that would have more deposition in the lungs

A

Dpi- 27%
MDI- 9%
MDI with chamber- 20%
Neb- 12%

41
Q

Which device will loose most of its dose in the chamber?

A

MDI with chamber has 78% lost in apparatus
Neb- 66%
Dpi- 18%
MDI- 10%

42
Q

Which device has the highest deposition in the oropharngeal

A

MDI- 80%
Dpi- 54%
MDI-chamber & Neb- 1%

43
Q

What are the 3 relative contraindications of humidity therapy?

A

Bronchiconstriction
History of airway responsiveness
Pulmonary infection

44
Q

Humidity therapy is given primarily for…

A

Preventing humidity deficit and overcoming humidity deficit.
So either way, if upper airway is bypassed or not, we give humidity therapy

45
Q

If bronchospasm is caused due to cool dry gas, we give…

A

Humidity therapy,
And when the upper airway edema is present, we give cool bland aerosol, such as croup, epiglottis, subglottic edema. Post extubation edema, post operative management of upper airway
And lastly, the need for sputum specimens

46
Q

Bronchospasm is an indication(due to cool dry gas), contraindication(growth of bacteria by increase temp) and also a hazard and complication

A

True

47
Q

Edema associated with decreased compliance and gas exchange and with increased airway resistance is hazard or complication of humidity therapy.

A

True

48
Q

Hypertonic saline inhalation can cause bronchoconstriction….

A

True

49
Q

Bland aerosol is not a substitute for systemic hydration

A

True

50
Q

HME is more efficient than bland aerosol therapy….

A

True

51
Q

Without med, but isotonic, sterile, hypotonic therapy can be given go…

A

Strider, brassy croup
Hoarseness following extubation
Croup
Smoke inhalation
Airway insult
Bypassed upper airway(but not proved efficient)

RT Tech (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions