IPAddress Flashcards
What is an IP Address?
An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. It serves two main purposes:
1. Identification – It identifies a specific device on a network.
2. Location Addressing – It helps in locating the device within a network and routing data to the correct destination.
There are two types of IP addresses:
• IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) – Uses a 32-bit format (e.g., 192.168.1.1), allowing around 4.3 billion unique addresses.
• IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) – Uses a 128-bit format (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334), providing a much larger address space.
IP addresses can also be public (used to communicate over the internet) or private (used within local networks, like in homes or offices).
What is subnetting?
Subnetting enables us to divide classful networks into smaller networks.
Subnet portion of the IP address
- Taken from the host portion
- Network portion never changes
- Subnetting enables more efficient use of the network classes
- Take bits from the host portion to create the subnet portion
- Router considers the network and subnet portions when routing
What is a Subnet Mask?
- 32 bits long
- 255.255.0.0
- 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
- Subnet masks enable routers to determine the network and host portions of an ip address
• Accompanies the IP Address
• Network portion = 1s
• Host portion = 0s
• Network portion of Class A, B, and C addresses never changes (no subnetting)
• Subnet masks are used even when subnetting is not used - You don’t always steal an entire octet
- Sometimes you only take a portion of the host portion
- Subnet Number = 192. 168.1.0
- Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.240
- 11111111.11111111. 11110000
- 128 + 64 + 32 + 16 = 240
Class A IP
Network portion of Class A, B, and C dresses never changes (no subnetting)
• Class A
- IP Network ID = 10.0.0.0
- Binary Subnet Mask =11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
- Decimal Suchet Mask = 255.0.0.0
CIDR
- 10.0.0.0/8
- Subnet mask equals
- 32 - 8 = 24
- 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
- 2^24 - 2 = 16,777,214 hosts
Class B IP
• Class B
- IP Network ID = 172.16.0.0
- Binary Subnet Mask =11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
- Decimal Subnet Mask = 255.255.0.0
Class C Ip
• Class C
- IP Network ID = 192.168.1.0
- Binary Subnet Mask =
- 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
- Decimal Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
CIDR?
(Classless Inter-Domain Routing)
Public and private IP Address?
• Public IPs
- Assigned by ICANN
- Routable over the Internet
• Private IPs
- Not assigned by ICANN
- Not routable over the Internet
- Used on private networks
- Often referred to as RFC1918 IP space
private IP Address ranges
• Class A 10.0.0.0
- 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255
• Class B 172.16.0.0
- 172.16.0.0 through 172.16.31.255
• Class C 192.168.0.0
- 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255
VLSM and FLSM
• Variable-Length Subnet Masking
Subnets can be different sizes
Different subnet masks
RIPv2
OSPF
EIGRP
192.168.1.0/24
- 192.168.1.0/25
- 192.168.1.128/26
- 192.168.1.192/27
- 192.168.1.224/28
- 192.168.1.240/28
• Fixed-Length Subnet Masking
static-length
All subnets are the same size
Samesubnet mask used for all
RIPv1
• 192.168.1.0/24
- 192.168.1.0/26
- 192.168.1.64/26
- 192.168.1.128/26
- 192.168.1.192/26
Subnetting class C
-192. 168.1.0
-255.255.255.0
-/24
• 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
