IP6

Question 1

Why IPv6 exist?

Answer 1

IPv4 was ranning out of available IP addresses. =4.2 billion addresses so IPv6 was created =340 undecilion addresses

Question 2

IPv6 IP address size?

Answer 2

128 Bit address (32 hexadecimal digits) x 4bits = 128bits

Question 3

IPv4 addres size?

Answer 3

32 Bit address 4 octed by

Question 4

What does not have in IPv6?

Answer 4

No broadcsts No Fragmentation - (no maximum MTU size)

Question 5

Dual stack

Answer 5

Network running IPv4 and IPv6 together. Routers do have the capability to do both.

Question 6

Tunneling

Answer 6

Take IPv6 and tunneled over IPv4 (if the router doesn’t support IPv6 by default)

Question 7

How to simplify IPv6 address?

Answer 7

Consecutive groups of 0`s can be summarized as :: (double collin) 2018:0:0:0000:0:000:4815:54:ae 2018::4815:54ae

Question 8

Globally routable unicast addresses

Answer 8

Beggins with 2000 to 3999

Question 9

Link-Local address

Question 10

Multicast address

Answer 10

Begins with FF

Question 11

Do you need DHCP in IPv6?

Answer 11

NO
IPv6 uses auto configuration to discover the current network and selects its own host ID based on its MAC
Using the EUI64 process

If you want to still use DHCP,
there is a DHCPv6 protocol

IPv6 uses Neighbour Discoveri Protocol (NDP)
to learn the Layer 2 addresses on the network

Question 12

(NDP)
Neighbour Discovery Protocol

Answer 12

Used to learn Layer 2 addresses on network
Performs:

No broadcasts! • Operates using multicast over ICMPv6

• Router Solicitation
• Router Advertisement
• Neighbour Solicitation
• Neighbour Advertisement
• Redirection

Question 13

Router Solicication

Answer 13

Hosts send message to locate routers on the link

(Hey, any routers out there?)

Question 14

Router Advertisement

Answer 14

Routers advertise their presence periodically, or in response to an RS message.

(Hey, I am still here)

( RA includes: various link and Internet parameters, hop limit value, etc)

Question 15

Neighbour Solicitation

Answer 15

Neighbor Solicitation (NS) is sent by a node to determine the link-layer address of a neighbor,

or to verify the neighbor is still reachable via a cached link-layer address.

also used for Duplicate Address Detection (DAD).

(There’s no ARP in IPv6)

Question 16

Redirect

Answer 16

Routers informing host of better first-hop routers for a destination

Question 17

Neighbour Advertisement

Answer 17

Neighbour Advertisement (**NA**) is sent in response to an NS message.
A node may also announce a link-layer address change.

Question 18

Unicast

Answer 18

Unicast is 1 to 1 communication

Question 19

Anycast

Answer 19

Anycast is 1 to anyone of a group.
When we send anycast packet,

We mean - send the packet to the closest member (router) of this group

Anycast is typically used by routers

An IPv6 anycast address is an address that can be assigned to a group of routers.
Multiple routers can have the same anycast address.

Question 20

Multicast type addreses

Answer 20

• *Well-know** - Reserved for predifined group of devices - all nodes and all routers multicast groups.
• *FF02::1** is all nodes adrs
• *FF02::2** is all routers adrs​

Solicitated-Node - automatically created by prepending the solicited-node multicast prefix FF02::1:FF00:0000/104 to the last 24 bits of the unicast or anycast address.

Question 23

Multicast

Answer 23

Multicast is 1 to many communication

(IPv6 dont have broadcast)
IPv6 has many different type of multicast addresses for different purposes.

Well-known
Solicitated-Nodes