IP Addressing

Question 1

Octet

Answer 1

An 8-bit binary number. An IPv4 address consists of four octets separated by a dot.

Question 2

Subnet mask

Answer 2

A 32-bit number that defines which portion of an IPv4 address identifies the network address and which portion of the address defines the host address.

Question 3

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
(IANA)

Answer 3

A nonprofit, private American corporation that oversees global IP address allocation, autonomous system number allocation, root zone management in the Domain Name System, media types, and other Internet Protocol-related symbols and internet numbers.

Question 4

Public IP

Answer 4

An IP address that is used to access the internet. Public IP addresses are those that are used on the internet. These are typically assigned by the ISP.

Question 5

Private IP

Answer 5

An IP address that is used only on an internal network. These IP addresses do not go out on the internet. Private IP addresses are used only on internal networks and are not used on the internet.
When a device on the internal network accesses the internet, that data traffic is sent using the public IP address of the network.
Because private IP addresses are never used on the internet, users in one private network of a company can have the same IP addresses as users in the private network in another company.

Question 6

Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)
169.254.0.0

Answer 6

A feature that allows a device to automatically assign itself an IP address on the 169.254.0.0 network when a DHCP server or manual configuration is unavailable.

Question 7

Loopback address 127.0.0.1

Answer 7

This special address is also known as home or localhost. This address is reserved by each network interface card (NIC) and is used for testing purposes.
Ping requests can be sent to this address and if returned means that the NIC is capable of sending and receiving data packets.

Question 8

Broadcast address ..*.255

Answer 8

The last valid IP address on a network. It is reserved for broadcast functions. Any packet sent to this address will be sent to all devices on the network. In this example, this is the network ID for a Class C subnet.

Question 9

Network address ..*.0

Answer 9

The first valid IP address on the network. This address is used for routing purposes to identify the network. In this example, this is the network ID for a Class C subnet.

Question 10

Subnetting

Answer 10

The process of dividing a large network into smaller networks.

Question 11

Fixed-length subnet mask
(FLSM)

Answer 11

Subnetting method in which each created subnet has an equal number of addresses.

Question 12

Variable-length subnet mask
(VLSM)

Answer 12

Subnetting method in which each subnet can be a different size.

Question 13

Classless Inter-Domain Routing
(CIDR)

Answer 13

A method for allocating IP addresses and for IP routing. CIDR notation is a simplified method of writing a network address with a slash followed by the number of bits in the network ID.

Question 14

ANDing

Answer 14

The process used to determine the network address/ID.

Question 15

Supernetting

Answer 15

The process of combining two or more networks.

Question 16

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)

Answer 16

manages the assignment of IP addresses on the internet. IANA allocates blocks of IP addresses to Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). An RIR has authority over IP addresses in a specific region of the world.

Question 17

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).

Answer 17

IANA is operated by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).

Question 18

Regional Internet Registries (RIRs)

Answer 18

IANA allocates blocks of IP addresses to Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). An RIR has authority over IP addresses in a specific region of the world. An RIR assigns blocks of addresses to Internet Service Providers (ISPs). An ISP assigns one or more IP addresses to individual computers or organizations connecting to the internet.

Question 19

Internet Service Providers (ISPs).

Answer 19

An ISP assigns one or more IP addresses to individual computers or organizations connecting to the internet.