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IoT > IoT Term 2 > Flashcards

IoT Term 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 characteristics of IoT?

A 
Intelligence
Architecture
Complex system
Size considerations
Time considerations
Everything as a service
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2
Q

Name some applications of IoT

A 
Home
Smart infrastructure
Security and surveillance
Transportation
Retail
Healthcare
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3
Q

Define ecosystem

A

A system of devices, vendors and clients that pass data and money between each other and depend on each other

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4
Q

What are the three parts of IoT data flow?

A

Site, network, Cloud/DC

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5
Q

What parts of data flow are included in site?

A

Things (sensors, devices etc) -> nodes and gateways

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6
Q

What parts of data flow are included in network?

A

Connectivity -> backbone

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7
Q

What parts of data flow are included in cloud/DC?

A

Data ingestion -> data analysis -> processes and people

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8
Q

What is fog computing?

A

Computing done on the IoT gateway
Local computing is possible
Reduces chatter on the transmission medium

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9
Q

What is mist computing?

A

Some decisions taken at the source
Discard useless information
Data processed faster at destination
Processing done on the level of the sensors

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10
Q

What are the 9 IoT ecosystem components?

A 
Gateway
Analytics
Connectivity of devices
Cloud
User interface
Standards and protocols
Database
Automation
Development
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11
Q

What does the gateway do?

A

Enables easy management of data traffic flowing between protocols and networks
Translates the network protocols and makes sure that the devices and sensors are connected properly. 
Pre-process the data from sensors and send them off to next level 
Provides encryption with the network flow and data transmission.

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12
Q

What is the Cloud?

A

A high performance network that connects servers to optimize performance of data processing

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13
Q

What are the dimensions of consumption?

A

Mode - how the end consumer gets the product
Ownership - is the product bought or used as a service
Operations - do it yourself or via a third party
Payment - pay for each use, subscription or one time fee

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14
Q

What is cloud computing?

A

Delivery of on-demand computing services over the internet on a pay as you go basis

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15
Q

What are the two types of cloud computing?

A

Deployment model

Service model

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16
Q

What are the three types of deployment model?

A

Public cloud - accessible to everyone
Private cloud - owned by a single person
Hybrid cloud - can be rented privately

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17
Q

What are the advantages of a public cloud?

A

Lower costs
No maintenance
Near unlimited scalability
Reliable

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18
Q

What are the advantages of a private cloud?

A

Flexible
Very secure
High scalability

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19
Q

What are the advantages of a hybrid cloud?

A

Control
Flexible
Cost effective

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20
Q

What are the three types of service model?

A

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
Platform as a service (PaaS)
Software as a service (SaaS)

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21
Q

What does IaaS provide?

A

Provides basic computing infrastructure

22
Q

What does PaaS provide?

A

Provides cloud platforms and runtime environments for developing, testing and managing applications

23
Q

What does SaaS provide?

A

Hosts and manages the software application as a pay as you go model

24
Q

Adequate

A

Breasts

25
Q

What is the application layer?

A

Responsible for delivering application specific services to the user. Defines applications in which the system can be deployed

26
Q

What is the network layer?

A

Responsible for connecting smart things, network devices and servers. Also used to transmit and process sensor data

27
Q

What is the perception layer?

A

Senses physical parameters or identifies objects in the environment

28
Q

What is the business layer?

A

Manages the whole system

29
Q

What is the processing layer?

A

Stores, analyses and processes large amounts of data

30
Q

What is the transport layer?

A

Transfers the sensor data between different layers through networks

31
Q

What is the architecture of cloud computing?

A

Data processing is done in large centralised fashion

32
Q

What is the architecture of fog computing?

A

A layered approach which inserts monitoring, pre-processing, storage and security layers between the physical and transport layers

33
Q

What are the limitations of processing everything on the cloud?

A

Smart devices are mobile which makes communication difficult
Latency sensitive systems require real time responses
Multiple devices increase latency

34
Q

What four main challenges are faced with IoT communication?

A

Addressing and identification - each device must have a unique address across the network
Low power
Low memory
High speed, lossless comms

35
Q

Define big data

A

A collection of data sets so large and complex that it’s difficult to process using on-hand database system tools and traditional data processing applications

36
Q

What are the 7 V’s of big data?

A 
Volume
Variety
Velocity
Variability
Veracity
Visualisation
Value
37
Q

What is the variety of data?

A

The different kinds of data generated from various sources

38
Q

What is the velocity of data?

A

The rate at which data is generated

39
Q

What is the variability of data?

A

The meaning of data changes

40
Q

What is the veracity of data?

A

Uncertainties and inconsistencies in data

41
Q

What are the 3 main problems with big data?

A

Storing exponentially growing huge datasets
Processing data having complex structure
Processing data faster

42
Q

What solutions are there to storing big data?

A

Using Hadoop which is a distributed file system. It divides files into smaller chunks and stores it across the cluster. It’s scalable

43
Q

What solutions are there to storing unstructured data?

A

HDFS allows any kind of data (structured, semi-structured or unstructured) to be stored. Follows write once read many. No schema validation is done with dumping data

44
Q

What solutions are there to processing data faster?

A

Hadoop provides parallel processing of data. Allows data to be processed locally

45
Q

What is big data analytics?

A

Examines large and different types of data to uncover patterns and correlations

46
Q

What are the security goals of IoT?

A

Confidentiality – data is secured to authorized parties
Integrity – data is trusted to be kept safe
Availability – data is accessible when and where needed
Non-repudiation – service provides a trusted audit trail
Authenticity – components can prove their identity
Privacy – service does not automatically ‘see’ customer data

47
Q

What are the 4 classes of security attacks? List some examples

A

Physical attacks – Node tampering, RF interference, physical damage, social engineering, sleep deprivation attack, code injection on node etc.
Network attacks – Traffic analysis attack, RFID spoofing/cloning, MITM attack, routing information, Sybil attack
Software attacks – Virus and Worms, Spyware, Trojans, DOS, Malicious scripts
Encryption attacks – Side channel attacks, MITM, cryptanalysis attack

48
Q

What are the ways of securing an IoT system?

A

Physical layer – secure booting, device authentication, data integrity, data confidentiality, anonymity
Network layer – data privacy, routing security, data integrity
Application layer – data security, access control lists, firewalls, anti-virus

49
Q

What are the 4 legal issues that IoT presents?

A

Discrimination - IoT data allows consumers to be sorted and discriminated against
Privacy
Security - No jurisdictional boundaries
Consent - Consumer protection laws currently not prepared to tackle consent issues

50
Q

What are the characteristics of an IoT device?

A

Small and low powered
Has communications capabilities
Can sense or control its environment

IoT (7 decks)

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