IoT LoRa

Question 1

What is LoRa

Answer 1

The term LoRa is used for LoRaWAN technology and for modulation technique i.e. CSS modulation (Chirp Spread Spectrum modulaion) used in LoRaWAN network. It is used to provide different data rates using different spreading factors. The other modulation scheme used in LoRaWAN is FSK (Frequency Shift Keying).

Question 2

What is LoRaWAN ?

Answer 2

It is one of the LPWAN technology. It offers long-range (about 10 to 30 miles), low power (provides 15-20 years of a battery lifetime), high capacity ( millions of messages per gateway) and so on. LoRaWAN uses AES-128 algorithm to provide privacy and protection against intrusion.

Question 3

Narrate advantages (i.e. benefits) and disadvantages (i.e. drawbacks) of LoRaWAN technology ?

Answer 3

Advantages: Long range, Low power, high capacity to support devices, Adaptive data rate, global frequency coverage, low cost etc.
Disadvantages: low data rate, low latency etc.

Question 4

Which are the roaming types supported by LoRaWAN ?

Answer 4

There are two roaming types supported by LoRaWAN viz. passive roaming and handover roaming.

Question 5

What is the different classes supported in LoRaWAN device ?

Answer 5

The LoRaWAN classes are class-A, class-B and class-C.

Question 6

Can you explain LoRaWAN network architecture, its elements and network interfaces ?

Answer 6

The LoRaWAN network consists of End devices, Gateway, Network server, Join server and Application Server. Following diagram mentions different network interfaces between these network elements.

Question 7

What is the difference between LoRaWAN and Zigbee ?

Answer 7

LoRaWAN covers long range (2 to 5 Km in urban and 15 Km in urban) where as Zigbee covers up to 100 meters

Question 8

What is the difference between LoRa and LoRaWAN ?

Answer 8

LoRa term is used for modulation technique (used to derive different data rates) where as LoRaWAN term is used for the network covering wide coverage (i.e. long distance) with low power in IoT/M2M applications. LoRa modulation is also referred as CSS modulation.

Question 9

What is the LoRaWAN frequency used in Russia ?

Answer 9

Band RU864-870 is used in Russia which allocates channel frequencies viz. 868.9 MHz and 869.1 MHz for this region.

Question 10

What is the LoRaWAN frequency used in Europe ?

Answer 10

It uses two radio frequency bands viz. 863 to 870 MHz and 433 MHz. In EU868 MHz band, 868.1 MHz, 868.3 MHz and 868.5 MHz channels are allocated. In EU433 band, 433.175 MHz, 433.375 MHz and 433.575 MHz channels are allocated.

Question 11

What are the frequency bands used in LoRaWAN ?

Answer 11

It uses 433 MHz, 863 to 870 MHz, 902 to 928 MHz and 779 to 787 MHz bands in different regions of the world.

Question 12

What is LoRaWAN gateway ?

Answer 12

It forwards received radio packets to network server through backbone. It receives radio packets from air and forward them to network server without any processing. Similarly it does not alter payloads coming from network server to be uploaded over the air. It does necessary RF conversion as per band used.

Question 13

Difference between LoRaWAN and NB-IoT

Answer 13

1. LoRaWAN :
   LoRaWAN is comes under MAC layer protocol, which is made for large scale public area networks. LoRaWAN is created using Semtech’s LoRa technology. LoRa and LoraWAN comes under the non-cellular wireless communication network protocols.It follows chirp spread spectrum modulation (CSS modulation).
2. NB-IoT :
   NB-IoT is also known as Narrow band IoT, which is recognized as wireless communication for the Internet of Things . NB-IoT comes under the category of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Networks), having the capability to connect devices which require small amounts of data, low bandwidth, and long battery life.

NB-IoT is a narrow band radio technology for IoT devices and applications which requires wireless connectivity over a long range at a low cost and using little power for long battery lives respectively.

Question 14

Difference between LoRaWAN and NB-IoT :

Answer 14

Modulation
LORAWAN uses chirp spread spectrum modulation.
NB-IoT uses Quadrature phase shift keying modulation.

Frequency
LoRaWAN It uses 868MHz in Europe, 915MHz in North America, 433MHz in Asia (Unlicensed ISM bands).
NB-IoT It uses Licensed LTE frequency Bands.

Bandwidth
LORAWAN has 250KHz and 125KHz bandwidth.
NB-IoT has 200KHz bandwidth.

Maximum message/day
Maximum Message it can send per day is unlimited.
In this technology maximum message/day is also unlimited.

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-lorawan-and-nb-iot/