IoT Flashcards
What do you understand by sharding?
Sharding is the process of splitting a huge database into smaller, faster, and manageable pieces, called data shards. A shard is a small part of a large data set. Sharding is mainly used to split a logical dataset into multiple databases to make them store more efficiently. It is necessary in the case of a dataset that cannot be stored in a single database.
Explain the characteristics of IoT.
Connectivity: Connectivity is the most important aspect of IoT. The IoT ecosystem (i.e. sensors, compute engines, data hubs, etc.) cannot operate properly without seamless communication among the interrelated components or objects. There are many ways to connect IoT devices including radio waves, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and Li-Fi.
Analyzing/Sensing: Once all the relevant things are connected, the next step is to analyze data that is being collected and use it to build effective business intelligence. It is very important to extract knowledge from the generated data. A sensor, for example, generates data, but those data won’t be of much use unless they are interpreted properly by us.
Active Engagements: A lot of today’s interactions with connected technology occur via passive engagement. Through IoT, multiple products, cross-platform technologies, and services work together on an active engagement basis. The use of cloud computing in blockchain enables active engagements among IoT components in general.
Scalability: Each day, more and more elements are connecting to the IoT zone. IoT setups should therefore be able to handle massive expansion. The data generated as a result is immense, and it should be handled correctly.
Artificial Intelligence: The IoT essentially makes things such as mobile phones, wearables, vehicles, etc., smart and enhances life by making use of data collection, artificial intelligence algorithms, and networked technologies. For example, if you have a coffee machine whose beans are going to end, it will order coffee beans from the retailer of your choice.
What are the different components of IoT?
Sensors: A sensor or device is an important component for gathering live data from the surrounding environment. The nature of this data can vary. This could be as simple as your phone having a temperature sensor, GPS, an accelerometer, or as complex as a live video feature on a social media platform. Sensors make it possible for IoT devices to connect to the real world and environment.
Connectivity: Upon collection, all data is sent to a cloud infrastructure. This could be done by connecting the sensors to the cloud using a variety of communication mediums such as mobile or satellite networks, Bluetooth, WI-FI, WAN, etc. Various IoT devices use different types of connectivity.
Data Processing: Once the data has been collected, and has reached the cloud, it is the responsibility of the data processors to process it. Data processing software can enhance IoT devices in a wide range of ways, from adjusting the temperature of the air conditioner to recognizing faces on mobile phones.
User Interface: An IoT device interacts with a user through a User Interface. A user interface is the visible, tangible component of an IoT system that can be accessed by users. It involves presenting the information in a way that is valuable to the end-user. A well-designed user interface will simplify the experience for users and encourage them to interact more. Information needs to be made accessible to end-users in some way, like sending them alerts via notification, email or text message.
What are different types of sensors in IoT?
In recent years, Internet-of-Thing sensors have gained importance for enhancing productivity, lowering costs, and improving worker safety. Sensors are devices that detect changes in the environment condition and act accordingly. They detect specific types of conditions (such as light, heat, sound, distance, pressure, presence or absence of gas/liquid, etc.) in the physical world and then generate a signal (usually an electrical signal) as a measure of their magnitude. Sensors commonly used in IoT systems include:
Temperature sensors Pressure sensor Motion detection sensors Gas sensor Proximity sensor IR sensors Smoke Sensor, etc.
How could 5G cellular networks impact IoT?
The coming wave of 5G networks could impact IoT in a variety of ways:
Higher bandwidth and faster throughputs make it possible to support more advanced use cases, especially those that require quicker response times, such as traffic control systems or automated public transportation.
Organizations can distribute more sensors to capture a wider range of information about environmental factors or equipment behavior, resulting in more comprehensive analytics and a greater capacity of automating operationsboth at the industrial level and consumer level.
5G could enable IoT on a more comprehensive scalein areas where it might be otherwise difficult to achieve, helping industries such as healthcare and agriculture.
The faster throughput and ability to handle data from more sensors makes it easier to establish smart cities, which require a higher saturation of IoT devices.
Manufacturers could use 5G to better track inventorythroughout its lifecycle, as well as better control workflows and optimize operations.
5G enables organizations and governments to respond more quickly and efficiently to different types of incidents, such as medical emergencies, pipeline leaks, fires, traffic accidents, weather events or natural disasters.
Automobiles can benefit from 5G as cars become more connected, helping to keep them safer, better maintained and more fuel efficient, while also making the autonomous car more of a reality.
