Iontophoresis

Question 0

Is the anode negatively charged or positively charged?

Is there a greater number of electrons or lower number of electrons?

Answer 0

Positive

Lower

Question 1

Is the cathode negatively charged or positively charged?

Is there a greater number of electrons or lower number of electrons?

Answer 1

Negative

Greater

Question 2

In what direction will ions move during an acidic reaction and during an alkaline reaction?

Answer 2

Acidic reaction: negatively charged ions will repel from the negative electrode and they move toward the positive electrode

Alkaline reactions: positively charged ions will move toward the negative electrode away from positive electrode

Question 3

Definition of electromigration and electroporation

Answer 3

Electromigration: using ES to move charged ions into the target tissues

Electroporation: is an increase in the porosity of the superficial skin in response to ES

Question 4

How deep is the penetration of medication? How long?

Answer 4

No more than 1.5 cm over a 12 to 24 hour period

Question 5

The quantity of ion transfer is dependent on what four conditions

Answer 5

Intensity of current, current density at the electrode, duration of current flow, concentration of ions in solution

Question 6

Advantages of using an AC device

Answer 6

Not much evidence, however it may increase the permeability of the tissue

Question 7

Indications for iontophoresis (9)

Answer 7

Soft tissue inflammatory conditions, neuralgia, edema, ischemic skin ulcer, hyperhidrosis, plantar warts, gouty arthritis, calcific tendinitis, scar tissue

Question 8

Associated reactions at the anode during iontophoresis. What attracts, forms, process, and effects?

Answer 8

CL, HCL, sclerotic, skin hardens

Question 9

Associated reactions at the cathode during iontophoresis. What attracts, forms, process, and effects?

Answer 9

NA, NAOH, sclerolytic, skin softens increased tissue burn And tissue damage

Question 10

When treating on inflamed tendon what is the ion of choice, it’s concentration, and polarity of active electrode

Answer 10

Dexamethasone sodium phosphate
4mg/ml in aqueous solution
Cathode

Question 11

What is the formula for current density?

Answer 11

Density=Current amplitude/electrode size

Question 12

What is the equation for dosage for iontophoresis

Answer 12

Dosage = current x duration

Question 13

What is tapwater galvanism?
Which minerals are used? (3)
What is the purpose of it?

Answer 13

The use of DC in tap water to create a constant unidirectional electrostatic field
Magnesium calcium and chloride
To reduce the symptoms of hyperhidrosis (excessive sweat production of hands and feet)

Question 14

Three precautions of DC iontophoresis

Answer 14

Chemical burn: because of direct contact

Heat burns: because of poor contact

Sensitivity reactions to ions: rarely occurs

Question 15

Six contraindications of iontophoresis

Answer 15

Skin sensitivity reactions, sensitivity to aspirin, gastritis or active stomach ulcer, asthma, sensitivity to metals, sensitivity to seafood

Question 16

Four advantages iontophoresis

Answer 16

1. Transdermal delivery of the medication
2. Localized concentration of medication
3. Bypasses the internal systems and organs
4. Less traumatic than injection

Question 17

4 disadvantages of iontophoresis

Answer 17

1. Unreliable results
2. Medication amount delivered unknown
3. Anxiety of stim device
4. Possibility of burn