Electric Stimulation 2

Question 0

Three rationales used to justify estim for muscle strengthening

Answer 0

1. Better overall recruitment of muscle
2. more selective recruitment of type two faster
3. Creates asynchronous contraction between all muscle fibers, creates more demanding stimulus than asynchronous contraction with traditional exercise

Question 1

For muscle strengthening should the patients be passive or active

Answer 1

Active

Question 2

better for a wound to be moist or dry for wound healing

Answer 2

Moist

Question 3

Rationale for wound healing with e-stim

Answer 3

• Polarity from stim will mobilize cells that are required for the inflammatory and proliferation phase of healing
• Artificially put back electrical potential which may be lacking

Question 4

What type of water used for wound healing

Answer 4

sterile, saline water

Question 5

When would you use monophasic current (2)

Answer 5

Wound healing or electroosmosis

Question 6

What is the gate theory of pain (2)

Answer 6

1. A fiber’s relay information to substantiata gelatinosa

2. When SG is activated it creates a presynaptic inhibition around T cells, which modulates pain (c fibers)

Question 7

How do you activate substantiality Gelatinosa?

Answer 7

Get more nonpainful input coming in then painful input

Traction, mobilizations, TENS

Question 8

Rationale for using estim during electroosmosis

Answer 8

Mobilize edema

Put negative electrons on the Edema your repelling it positive away retracts the edema

Question 9

People most often use TENS for what purpose

Answer 9

Pain relief

Question 10

what is the theory of endogenous opiates

Low-frequency TENS theory

Answer 10

Anything that triggers the release of natural endorphins besides drugs
Releases opiates and alters pain sensations stimuli

Question 11

What is iontophoresis?

Answer 11

Introduction of ions and individual components of topical agents with direct current

Question 12

How to calculate dosage for iontophoresis?
How long should a typical treatment time be?
How many milliamps?

Answer 12

Dosage equals intensity times treatment time
1 hour
1 miliamp

Question 13

What charges should be currents and topical agents in order to push into skin

Answer 13

Like charges so they repel

Acidic under positive, basic under negative

Question 14

Muscle strengthening

Pulse intensity, frequency, width

Answer 14

Strong motor
tetanic (50 pulses per second)
widest (500 µs)

Question 15

Wound healing

Pulse intensity, frequency, width

Answer 15

Sub motor (any setting below motor)
high (higher than 50 highest frequency setting on the machine) narrow (not matter much)

Question 16

Electro osmosis (edema protocol, mobilizing with polarity)
Pulse intensity, frequency, width

Answer 16

Sub-motor (comfortable sensory)
high (highest setting on machine)
Narrow (not matter)

Question 17

Muscle pump

Pulse intensity, frequency, width

Answer 17

Motor tetanic or twitching
Twitch or tetanic (one-to-one ratio)
Widest setting on machine

Question 18

Pain modulation:gate theory of pain (conventional TENS)

Pulse intensity, frequency, width

Answer 18

Comfortable sensory (tingling)
high (highest setting a machine)
Narrow

Question 19

Pain modulation: theory of endogenous opiates (low-frequency TENS) Pulse intensity, frequency, width

Answer 19

Strong sensory, localized motor
One pulse per second (one hertz low-frequency will minimize fatigue)
Wide (widest setting on machine)

Question 20

Muscle strengthening

Modulation, treatment time, electrode placement

Answer 20

Interrupted (ramp intensity for patients comfort)
Based on number of contractions and on and off cycle and contractions 10 seconds on 30 seconds off best
Muscle belly or nerve trunk

Question 21

Wound healing

Modulation, treatment time, electrode placement

Answer 21

Continuous
1 to 2 hours (up to twice a day)
Unipolar technique - one big pad away from electrode (-), one small pad over the wound

Question 22

Electroosmosis (edema protocol mobilizing with polarity)

Modulation, treatment time, electrode placement

Answer 22

Continuous
20 to 45 minutes
Uni or bipolar (-) on edema (+) just proximal

Question 23

Muscle pump

Modulation, treatment time, electrode placement

Answer 23

Interrupted
15 minutes
bipolar on the motor points that mobilize the joint where edema is

Question 24

Pain modulation: Gate theory of pain (conventional TENS)

Modulation, treatment time, electrode placement

Answer 24

Continuous
20 minutes to 24 hours
bipolar right over the pain

Question 25

Pain modulation: theory of endogenous opiates (low-frequency TENS)
Modulation, treatment time, electrode placement

Answer 25

Continuous
15 to 45 minutes
for chronic pain right over the painful area or adjacent to the painful area - bipolar

Question 26

Muscle strengthening wave form

Answer 26

Russian

Question 27

Wound healing waveform

Answer 27

High voltage
Monophasic - one electrode is always positive and one electrode is always negative, flows in one direction, positive electrode goes over the wound

Question 28

Pain modulation: gate theory Of pain (conventional TENS)

Rationale and wave form

Answer 28

Introduce more nonpainful input to activate the SG

Premod waveform or biphasic

Question 29

Electro osmosis (edema protocol) mobilizing with polarity
Rationale and wave form

Answer 29

Mobilizing edema with polarity

High voltage

Question 30

Muscle pump

rationale and waveform

Answer 30

Mobilizing the edema with muscle pump, muscle contractions

High-voltage, biphasic

Question 31

Pain modulation: theory of endogenous opiates (low-frequency TENS)
Rationale and waveform

Answer 31

Promote the release of endogenous opiates, stronger stim to get the CNS to release the endogenous opiates
Pre-modulated waveform, biphasic

Question 32

What Interferential current

Answer 32

Using two channels that have slightly different frequencies,
for example 4000 cps on one channel and 4100 cps on the other channel. the channels are placed close together intersecting each other