Ions & Ionisation Energy

Question 1

Mass spectrometer

Answer 1

Determines the relative atomic mass . Separetes atoms/ molecules according to charge & mass
Used to scan for drugs in airports & identify materials in space.
1. Vaporises molecules (vacuum)
2. Ionises
3. Acceöerates
4. Deflects heavy & light ions
5. Detection

Question 2

Relative Atomic mass

Answer 2

(RAM elr Ar)
avrage mass of atoms of an element

Question 3

Mass spectra of elements

Answer 3

Produces a graph showing: relative abundance of each ion type.

(Ion 1 * ratio + ion2 * ratio) / total of ratio

Question 4

Ionasation energy

Answer 4

IE, The energy required to remove 1 e- from an atom to form an ion.
Measured in KJ/mol

increases proportionally because: p+ will be able hold on harder when there are fewer e-
(a 11 ppl holwing onto fewer & fewer ppl)

Question 5

Writing succesive IE

Answer 5

start w/ product of previous ionsation event
tex:
N(g) - > N+ + e-
N+(g) -> N2+ + e-

Question 6

Atomic radius

Answer 6

the bigger the r, the smaller the nuclear attraction experienced by outer e- & vice versa

Question 7

Nuclear charge

Answer 7

the greater Nc, the greater the attractive force on outer e-

Question 8

Electron shielding

Answer 8

e- of inner shells repell e- of outer shells due to charge. -> also leads to larger r
=> bigger atoms outer e- have less IE

Question 9

Trends across periods

Answer 9

genereally IE increases
dips little cuz of: e- into next sublevel or e- is placed in same orbital (repell eachother)
Big drop when go to next period - new shell = larger r

Question 10

Trends across group

Answer 10

Decreases due to larger r and e- shielding