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Biology: 2.1.2 Biological Molecules > ions > Flashcards

ions Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the formula for a calcium ion

A

Ca 2+

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2
Q

what is the three roles of calcium ions

A
  1. involved in the transmission of nerve impulses + insulin release from the pancreas
  2. acts as a cofactor for many enzymes
  3. bone formation
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3
Q

what is the formula for a sodium ion

A

Na+

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4
Q

what are the three roles of sodium ions

A
  1. generating nerve impulses
  2. muscle contraction
  3. fluid regulation
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5
Q

what is the formula for a potassium ion

A

K +

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6
Q

what are the four roles of potassium ions

A
  1. generating a nerve impulse
  2. muscle contraction
  3. fluid regulation
  4. plant photosynthesis by activating enzymes
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7
Q

what is the formula for a hydrogen ion

A

H+

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8
Q

what are the two roles of hydrogen ions

A
  1. regulates and affects pH
  2. important in photosynthesis and respiration
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9
Q

what is the formula of an ammonium ion

A

NH4 +

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10
Q

what is the role of an ammonium ion

A

absorbed from the soil by plants to provide nitrogen to make amino acids and nucleic acids

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11
Q

what is the formula for a nitrate ion

A

NO3 -

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12
Q

what is the role of a nitrate ion

A

absorbed from the soil by plants to provide nitrogen to make amino acids and nucleic acids

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13
Q

what is the formula for a hydrogen carbonate ion

A

HCO3 -

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14
Q

what is the role of hydrogencarbonate ions

A

acts as a buffer in maintaining blood pH

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15
Q

what is the formula for a chloride ion

A

Cl -

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16
Q

what are the three roles of chloride ions

A
  1. involved in the chloride shift which helps maintain the blood pH during gas exchange
  2. cofactor for amylase enzyme
  3. sometimes involved in nerve impulses
17
Q

what is the formula for a phosphate ion

A

PO4 3-

18
Q

what are the two roles of a phosphate ion

A
  1. involved in photosynthesis and respiration
  2. synthesis of molecules such as ATP, phospholipids and calcium phosphate
19
Q

what is the formula for a hydroxide ion

A

OH -

20
Q

what is the role of hydroxide ions

A

regulates pH

Biology: 2.1.2 Biological Molecules (6 decks)

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