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Lilah: Grade 10 Science > Ions > Flashcards

Ions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge (+ or -).

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2
Q

What is a cation?

A

A positively charged ion (+)

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3
Q

How is a cation formed?

A

A cation is formed when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons to have a filled valence shell.

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4
Q

What is an anion?

A

An anion is a negatively charged ion (-)

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5
Q

How is an anion formed?

A

An anion is formed when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons to fill its valence shell.

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6
Q

This term describes a positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons.

A

Cation

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7
Q

This term refers to an atom or group of atoms that carries an electric charge, either positive or negative.

A

Ion

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8
Q

This type of ion is formed when an atom gains electrons, resulting in a negative charge.

A

Anion

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9
Q

This ion, formed by Calcium, has a charge of 2+

A

Ca2+

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10
Q

This group of metals loses 1 electron to form cations with a charge of 1+.

A

Alkali Metals (Group 1)

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11
Q

Metals from this group lose 2 electrons to form cations with a charge of 2+

A

Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2)

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12
Q

This ion, formed by Sodium, has a charge of 1+

A

Na+

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13
Q

This ion, formed by Calcium, has a charge of 2+

A

Ca2+

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14
Q

This group of elements gains 1 electron to form anions with a charge of 1-

A

Halogens (Group 17)

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15
Q

When Chlorine gains an electron, it forms this negatively charged ion.

A

Cl-

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16
Q

When Chlorine gains an electron, it forms this negatively charged ion.

A

Cl-

17
Q

Elements from this group gain 2 electrons to form anions with a charge of 2-

A

Group 16

18
Q

If Li loses an electron to another atom, why is it written Li+1 (with a +1)?

A

Li+1 is written with a +1 because electrons have a negative charge.

When Li loses an electron, it becomes more positively charged.

The +1 indicates that it has one more proton than electron.

19
Q

If N gains 3 electrons from other atoms, why is it written N-3 (with a -3)?

A

N-3 is written with a -3 because electrons have a negative charge.

When N gains 3 electrons, it becomes more negatively charged.

The -3 indicates that it has 3 more electrons than protons.

20
Q

What do you think happens to the atomic radius size of a cation, and why?

A

The atomic radius of a cation (a positively charged ion) decreases.

This is because when an atom loses electrons, the remaining electrons are drawn closer to the nucleus due to the increased positive charge, making the atom smaller.

21
Q

What is the difference between an atom and an ion?

A

An atom is a basic unit of matter that has no charge because it has the same number of protons and electrons.

An ion is an atom that has a charge because it has either lost or gained electrons—if it loses electrons, it becomes positively charged (cation), and if it gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged (anion).

22
Q

Explain the difference between an anion and a cation

A

An anion and a cation are both types of ions, but they have different charges:

Anion: A negatively charged ion that forms when an atom gains electrons. For example, a chloride ion (Cl⁻) is an anion because it has extra electrons.

Cation: A positively charged ion that forms when an atom loses electrons. For example, a sodium ion (Na⁺) is a cation because it has fewer electrons.

So, anions are negative, and cations are positive!

23
Q

Gained or Lost

When forming H+, a hydrogen atom has _____________ one electron

A

Lost

24
Q

When forming Fe 2+ , an iron atom has (gained or lost) how many electrons

A

Lost
2 electrons

25
Q

When forming S 2- , a sulphur atom has (gained or lost) how many electrons

A

Gained
2 electrons

26
Q

When forming Ag + , a silver atom has (gained or lost) how many electrons

A

Lost
1 electron

27
Q

When forming Ge 4+ , a germanium atom has (gained or lost) how many electrons

A

Lost
4 electrons

28
Q

When forming Al 3+ , an aluminum atom has (gained or lost) how many electrons

A

Lost
3 electrons

29
Q

When forming F - , a fluorine atom has (gained or lost) how many electrons

A

Gained
1 electron

Lilah: Grade 10 Science (5 decks)

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