Bohr, Lewis Dot Diagrams and Ion Patterns

Question 1

What do Bohr diagrams represent?

Answer 1

The arrangement of electrons in an atom of an element.

Question 2

What is the main feature of Bohr diagrams?

Answer 2

The use of “shells” to show the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus.

Question 3

How are electrons arranged in a Bohr diagram?

Answer 3

Drawn on concentric circles, or “shells,” around the nucleus.

Question 4

What do the “shells” in a Bohr diagram represent?

Answer 4

The different energy levels or orbitals where electrons are found.

Question 5

How can you determine the number of shells in a Bohr diagram?

Answer 5

It is the same as the atomic number of the element.

The number of shells corresponds to the number of energy levels that electrons occupy.

Question 6

True or False:

Bohr diagrams only show the nucleus of an atom.

Answer 6

False.

Bohr diagrams show both the nucleus and the electrons arranged in shells around it.

Question 7

What information can be gained from a Bohr diagram about an atom?

Answer 7

A Bohr diagram provides information about the number of electrons, their arrangement in shells, and the electron configuration of the atom.

Question 8

How are the 3 electrons of lithium arranged in a Bohr diagram?

Answer 8

In a Bohr diagram for lithium, 2 electrons fit in the first shell, and the 3rd electron is placed in the second shell.

Question 9

What is the 2n² rule?

Answer 9

It is a way to figure out how many electrons an energy level (or shell) can hold in an atom.

Question 10

In 2n² rule, what does the n represent?

Answer 10

The energy level number. (e.g., n=1 for the first level, n=2 for the second level)

Question 11

What does 2n² calculate?

Answer 11

The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in that energy level.

Question 12

How do you calculate the maximum number of electrons in an energy level using the 2n² rule?

Answer 12

Step 1
Identify the energy level (n)

Step 2
Square the energy level number: Calculate n².

Step 3
Multiply by 2: Multiply the result from step 2 by 2.

Question 13

Describe what a bohr diagram for Helium (HE) would look like.

A. Number of shells
B. Number of electons in each shell

Answer 13

A. 1 shell - because it is in the first period of the periodic table.

B. Heliums atomic number is 2, so it will have 2 electrons in its single shell.

Question 14

How many shells does Carbon have in a Bohr diagram and why?

Answer 14

Carbon (C) has 2 shells in its Bohr diagram.

Reason:
The number of electron shells an element has is determined by its period in the periodic table.

Carbon is in period 2, which means it has 2 electron shells.

Question 15

How many electrons does oxygen have in a Bohr diagram and why?

Answer 15

The number of electrons drawn corresponds to the number of electrons in the atom.

Oxygen, has an atomic number of 8, this means it has 8 electrons.

Question 16

Using Oxygen (Atomic Number 8), as an example describe how you would draw the electrons in the first and second shell on a Bohr diagram

Answer 16

First shell: Place 2 electrons.

Second shell: Place 6 electrons.
Add the first 4 electrons at the top, bottom, left, and right positions.
Pair the next 2 electrons with 2 of the previous ones.
This orderly filling reflects how electrons occupy the lowest available energy states first, following the rules of electron configuration.

Question 17

How do you draw a Bohr diagram?

Answer 17

1. Draw the nucleus: Start with a circle.
2. Draw the shells as concentric circles around the nucleus
3. Add the electrons to the shells (the amount is the same atomic number)

Add electrons to the levels, starting with the innermost.

First level: Maximum 2 electrons.
Second level: Maximum 8 electrons.
Third level: Maximum 18 electrons.
Fourth level: Maximum 32 electrons.

4. Follow the Aufbau principle - this means to fill the inner shells first (lower energy levels before higher ones)

Question 18

How does the number of shells in a Bohr diagram relate to the period of an element?

Answer 18

The period of an element on the periodic table directly corresponds to the number of energy levels (shells) in its Bohr diagram.

Period 1: Elements have 1 shell.
Period 2: Elements have 2 shells.
Period 3: Elements have 3 shells.
Period 4: Elements have 4 shells.
And so on…

Therefore, the period number tells you the maximum number of shells an element can have in its Bohr diagram.

Question 19

True or false

The number of shells in a Bohr diagram is directly linked to the period of the element on the periodic table.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Sodium (Na): Sodium is in Period 3.

How many shells will its Bohr diagram have?

Answer 20

3 shells

Question 21

Lithium (Li): Lithium is in Period 2.

How many shells will its Bohr diagram have?

Answer 21

2 shells

Question 22

Potassium (K): Potassium is in Period 4.

How many shells will its Bohr diagram have?

Answer 22

4 shells

Question 23

How does the atomic number of an element relate to its Bohr diagram?

Answer 23

The atomic number of an element determines the number of electrons it has.

Question 24

Hydrogen (H): Atomic number 1

How many electrons will its Bohr diagram have?

Answer 24

1

Question 25

Lithium (Li): Atomic number 3

How many electrons will its Bohr diagram have?

Answer 25

3

Question 26

How many electrons will the Bohr diagram for Aluminum have?

Answer 26

13

Question 27

The outside electron shell in an atom is called the?

Answer 27

valence shell

Question 28

True or false

Every atom tries to obtain a full outer shell. This is the cause of most chemical reactions.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

How many electrons are in a full valence shell, and what are the exceptions?

Answer 29

A full valence shell usually has 8 electrons, except for hydrogen (H) and helium (He), which are full with 2 electrons.

Question 30

What are the elements that have a full valence shell and do not react chemically?

Answer 30

These elements are called the NOBLE GASES. They include He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn, and Og.

Question 31

What do all elements try to achieve with their valence shell?

Answer 31

A full valence shell.

Question 32

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 32

Negative (-) charge.

Question 33

How many valence electrons does Fluorine have?

Answer 33

7 valence electrons because it is in group 17

Question 34

What are the two options Fluorine has to achieve a full valence shell?

Answer 34

Fluorine could either lose 7 electrons or gain 1 electron to become full.

Question 35

What happens to Fluorine when it gains 1 electron?

Answer 35

Fluorine becomes a charged particle with an extra negative charge.

Question 36

How do elements get a full valence shell? Use Fluorine as the example

Answer 36

Elements aim to have a full valence shell, usually with 8 electrons.

Fluorine has 7 valence electrons and needs 1 more to be full.

It is more practical for Fluorine to gain 1 electron instead of losing 7.

When Fluorine gains 1 electron, it becomes negatively charged.

Question 37

What happens when atoms gain or lose electrons?

Answer 37

What happens when atoms gain or lose electrons?