Ionizing Radiation in the Hospital Flashcards

1
Q

What is radiation exposure measured in?

A

Roentgens (R) for physicists.
Dose is measured in rads.
equivalent and effective dose measured in rem
mR=mrad-mrem

rem = 1/100 sievert (Sv)

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2
Q

What is direct action of radiation? Indirect?

A

Direct - radiation directly attacks DNA and causes a chemical change.
Indirect- radiation ionizes a reactive agent, which then in turn reacts with DNA

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3
Q

What will high dose rate exposure do?

A

limits ability to repair damage

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4
Q

What is LET?

A

???

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5
Q

What does stochastic mean?

A

Non-deterministic. In part, the result of a random chance, not a specific cause.

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6
Q

When is the riskiest period of life to be exposed to radiation?

A

very young ages. Fetus, neonate, children. Risk drops as you age.

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7
Q

How do you get rid of radon?

A

exchange fresh air. Radon has about a 3 day half-life.

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8
Q

What is the most commonly used dose-response curve for regulations?

A

linear nonthreshold curve. It is the most conservative estimate

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9
Q

Which type of dose-response curve is frequently used for scientific studies?

A

linear-quadratic, non-threshold curve.

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10
Q

How much more radiation is given from a CT than a plane x-ray?

A

100-250x as much radiation

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11
Q

How does distance affect radiation dosage?

A

it is a squared relationship. If you double your distance from the source, your exposure is reduced to 1/4.
conversely, if you half your distance, you quadruple your exposure.

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12
Q

What sort of radiation dosage will cause sterility in women? in men?

A

250-600 rad.

men = 350 to 600 rad (3.5-6 Gy)

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13
Q

How does radiation cause cataracts?

A

it disrupts the normal cell differentiation and proliferation. A dose of 2 Gy

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