Ionisation Energies And Radii

Question 1

Second ionisation energy

Answer 1

The energy needed to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous 1+ ions to form a mole of gaseous 2+ ions.

Question 2

Atomic radius

Answer 2

The distance between the centre of the nucleus and the outer electron cloud

Question 3

Nuclear charge

Answer 3

The positive charge on the nucleus given by the number of protons.

Question 4

Shielding

Answer 4

When outer electrons are repealed by electrons in inner shells

Question 5

State and explain the trend in atomic radius across a period

Answer 5

Increased outer electrons in the same shell increase nuclear charge and so electrons are pulled inwards, creating a smaller element because there is more attraction between the nucleus and outer electrons. (Smaller across)

Question 6

State and explain the following trends in a tonic radius down a group

Answer 6

More shells of electrons caused by increased inner shells being filled with more electrons outweighs the increase in nuclear charge (bigger down)

Question 7

Write the equation for the first ionisation of xenon

Answer 7

X(g)—>Xe+ + e-

Question 8

Write the equation for the fifth ionisation of zinc

Answer 8

Zn4+ (g) –> Zn5+(g) + e-

Question 9

Group 2 and 3 ionisation energies

Answer 9

(3) electron is being removed from an sorbital which is closer to nucleus
(2) electron removed from p-orbital which is further from the nucleus+ shielding from the inner s-orbital so ionisation energy is lower than expected.

Question 10

Successive ionisation energies.

Answer 10

Huge jump up due to electrons being removed from a new she’ll closer to the nucleus.

Question 11

First ionisation energy

Answer 11

The energy required to removed one mole of electrons from one mile of gaseous atoms.