Ionic Compunds And Analysis Flashcards
What is ionic bonding
Atoms transfer (lose or gain) electrons to form ions It is between metals and non metals
What are the most reactive elements
Any group 1 or 2 elements that are close to having an empty outer shell
Any group 6 or 7 elements that are close having a full outer shell
What are the ionic lattices like
Ionic bonds have very strong forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
High melting and boiling point because of this
They conduct electricity when aqueous or molten
When in dissolved in a solution or melted the ions are free to move so they can carry a current
How do you name a compound
When two different elements combine it is ‘something-ide’
When three or more element including oxygen react the name is ‘something-ate’
What is the formula for carbonate
Co3(2-)
What is the formula for Sulfate
So4 (2-)
What is the formula for hydroxide
OH (-)
What is the formula for nitrate
NO3 (-)
What are the rules of solubility
Sodium potassium ammonium SOLUBLE
nitrates SOLUBLE
Chlorides SOLUBLE except lead and silver
Sulfates SOLUBLE except lead barium and calcium
Carbonates and hydroxides INSOLUBLE except ammonium sodium and potassium
What is a precipitate
An insoluble salt
How is barium Sulfate useful
It is a precipitate
It can be used in X-rays if the patient drinks it it will show up in the gut so any blockages can be seen it is known as a barium meal
It is insoluble so it can’t get into the blood stream
What are the flame test colours
Sodium - yellow orange
Potassium - lilac
Calcium - brick red
Copper - blue green
What is a flame test useful for
To test for ions in a solid or solution
What is the test for Sulfates
Add dilute hcl then barium chloride solution
A white precipitate of barium Sulfate means the original compound was a Sulfates
What is the test for chlorides
Add dilute nitric acid then silver nitrate solution
A chloride gives a white precipitate of silver chloride
