Ionic bonding

Question 1

What charge do electrons have?

Answer 1

-1

Question 2

What charge will an ion of lithium take?

Answer 2

1+ (one electron in the outer shell, needs to lose it)

Question 3

What charge will an ion of beryllium take?

Answer 3

2+ (two electrons in the outer shell, needs to lose them both)

Question 4

What charge will an ion of barium take?

Answer 4

2+ (group 2 so two electrons in the outer shell, needs to lose them both)

Question 5

What charge will an ion of fluorine take?

Answer 5

1- (7 electrons in the outer shell, needs to gain one)

Question 6

If something has gained electrons, what charge will it have?

Answer 6

Negative

Question 7

If something has lost electrons, what charge will it have?

Answer 7

Positive (because they have lost a negative!)

Question 8

What charge will an ion of oxygen take?

Answer 8

2- (6 electrons in outer shell so needs to gain two)

Question 9

What charge will an ion of Selenium take?

Answer 9

2- (group 6, so has 6 electrons in the outer shell and needs to gain two)

Question 10

Explain in terms of electrons what occurs when lithium bonds with chlorine

Answer 10

One electron transferred from lithium to chlorine

Question 11

Why do atoms transfer electrons in ionic bonding?

Answer 11

So that they can have full outer shells

Question 12

Explain in terms of electrons what occurs when lithium bonds with fluorine

Answer 12

One electron transferred from lithium to fluorine

Question 13

Explain in terms of electrons what occurs when magnesium bonds with oxygen

Answer 13

Two electrons transferred from magnesium to oxygen

Question 14

Explain in terms of electrons what occurs when beryllium bonds with oxygen (3 marks)

Answer 14

Two electrons transferred from beryllium to oxygen

Question 15

Explain in terms of electrons what occurs when magnesium bonds with chlorine

Answer 15

One electron transferred from magnesium to two different chlorine atoms

Question 16

Explain in terms of electrons what occurs when sodium bonds with oxygen

Answer 16

Two electrons transferred to an oxygen atom from two different sodium atoms

Question 17

Why do sodium ions and chlorine ions form an ionic bond?

Answer 17

There is an electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 18

Why don’t sulphur ions and oxygen ions form ionic bonds with each other?

Answer 18

Both have negative charges so would repel

Question 19

What is the name for a substance made of billions of oppositely charged ions joined together?

Answer 19

Giant ionic lattice

Question 20

Define giant ionic lattice

Answer 20

A huge 3D network of ions

Question 21

State the melting points of ionic substances

Answer 21

High

Question 22

Explain why ionic substances have high melting points.

Answer 22

Strong bonds between oppositely charged ions are hard to break

Question 23

Will NaCl(s) conduct electricity?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

Will NaCl (aq) conduct electricity?

Answer 24

Yes (aq stands for aqueous which means it is dissolved in water)

Question 25

Will NaCl (l) conduct electricity?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

What does molten mean?

Answer 26

Melted

Question 27

Explain why ionic compounds do not conduct electricity when solid

Answer 27

Because the ions are not free to move

Question 28

Explain why ionic compounds conduct electricity in solution

Answer 28

Because the ions are free to move

Question 29

Explain why ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten

Answer 29

Because the ions are free to move

Question 30

What does soluble mean?

Answer 30

Dissolves in water

Question 31

What does insoluble mean?

Answer 31

Does not dissolve in water

Question 32

Magnesium carbonate is insoluble. What do you need to do before it will conduct electricity?

Answer 32

Melt it