ionic bonding Flashcards
What is an ion?
An ion is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons.
What happens during the formation of ions?
Electrons are lost or gained to obtain a full outer shell of electrons.
What is the electronic structure of ions in groups 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7 similar to?
The electronic structure is the same as that of a noble gas, such as helium, neon, and argon.
What are negative ions called?
Anions.
What are positive ions called?
Cations.
What do all metals do to form positive ions?
All metals lose electrons to other atoms.
What do all non-metals do to form negative ions?
All non-metals gain electrons from other atoms.
How can you determine the charge of an ion?
By finding the number of electrons in the outer shell and whether it is easier to gain or lose electrons.
What is the charge of Group 1 metals?
1+ (E.g. Na+).
What is the charge of Group 2 metals?
2+ (E.g. Mg2+).
What is the charge of Group 3 metals?
3+ (E.g. Al3+).
List three common negative ions.
- Group 5 non-metals: 3− (E.g. N3−)
- Group 6 non-metals: 2− (E.g. O2−)
- Group 7 non-metals: 1− (E.g. Cl−)
What is the general charge of hydroxide?
OH−.
What is the formula for ionic compounds?
Ionic compounds typically have no overall charge.
What does the swap-and-drop method help determine?
The formula of ionic compounds with different charges.
What is the formula of iron(II) sulfate?
FeSO4.
What is the charge of the chloride ion?
1− (Cl−).
What is the formula for copper(II) chloride using the swap-and-drop method?
CuCl2.
What must you include when determining the formula of a compound with a complex ion?
Brackets if needed.
What do dot-and-cross diagrams represent?
Ionic bonds by showing the transfer of electrons.
What type of structure do ionic compounds form?
A giant lattice structure.
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
Due to strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Are ionic compounds good conductors of electricity in solid state?
No, they are poor conductors in solid state.
When do ionic compounds conduct electricity well?
In molten state or in solution.
Fill in the blank: Ionic compounds are _______ conductors of electricity in the solid state.
poor.
True or False: Ionic compounds conduct electricity because electrons move and carry a charge.
False.
