acid bases and salt prep Flashcards
What are the solubility rules for ionic compounds?
Ionic compounds are generally soluble in water compared to covalent substances, but there are exceptions.
Which ionic compounds are always soluble?
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Ammonium
- Nitrates
Which chlorides are insoluble?
- Silver
- Lead(II)
What are the exceptions for sulfates in terms of solubility?
- Barium
- Calcium
- Lead(II)
Which carbonates are soluble?
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Ammonium
What makes hydroxides soluble?
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Ammonium
- Calcium (sparingly soluble)
What is the definition of an acid in terms of protons?
Acids are proton donors as they ionize in solution producing protons, H+ ions.
What is the definition of a base (alkali) in terms of protons?
Bases (alkalis) are proton acceptors as they ionize in solution producing OH- ions.
What general equation summarizes the reaction of metals with acids?
metal + acid ⟶ salt + hydrogen
Which metals react with dilute acids?
Only metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series will react with dilute acids.
What is produced when an acid reacts with a base?
A salt and water are produced.
What is the general equation for acid-base neutralization?
acid + base ⟶ salt + water
What do acids react with to produce effervescence?
Acids react with metal carbonates.
What do all alkalis have in common regarding pH?
Alkalis have pH values above 7.
What is the difference between a base and an alkali?
A base is any substance that can neutralize an acid, while an alkali is a water-soluble base.
What ions do sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide produce in water?
- Sodium hydroxide: Na+ + OH-
- Potassium hydroxide: K+ + OH-
What is the method for preparing a soluble salt from an insoluble base?
Add the insoluble reactant in excess to ensure all acid has reacted, then filter and evaporate.
What should be done to ensure safety during the preparation of soluble salts?
Add the insoluble reactant in excess to avoid leaving unreacted acid.
What is the equation for the reaction of copper(II) oxide with dilute sulfuric acid?
CuO (s) + H2SO4 (aq) ⟶ CuSO4 (aq) + H2O (l)
What is the appearance of hydrated copper(II) sulfate crystals?
Bright blue and regularly shaped.
Fill in the blank: Acids react with metal carbonates to produce _______.
metal salt, carbon dioxide, and water
True or False: All alkalis are bases.
True
What is the action of ammonia in water regarding hydroxide ions?
Ammonia solution produces hydroxide ions when it reacts with water.
