Ionic Bonding Flashcards

1
Q

Why do chemical bonds form?

A

Atoms bond together to share or transfer electrons to achieve a more stable electron arrangement, often a full outer main level of electrons, like the noble gases

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2
Q

What types of atoms does ionic bonding occur between?

A

Ionic bonding occurs between metals and non metal atoms

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3
Q

Are electrons transferred or shared in ionic bonding?

A

In ionic bonding electrons are transferred

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4
Q

Electrons are transferred during ionic bonding. Do non - metals transfer electrons to metals or do metals transfer electrons to non - metals?

A

Metals transfer electrons to non metals

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5
Q

What does ionic bonding form at the end?

A

Ionic bonding forms either positive ions (cations) or negative ions (anions)

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6
Q

What are cations? What are anions?

A

Cations are positively charged ions that have lost electrons

Anions are negatively charged ions that gained electrons

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7
Q

What are noble gases?

A

Noble gases are atoms that do not easily react with other elements

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8
Q

Metals lose their outer electrons in order to form the electron structure of a noble gas. Why is this?

A

Metals loose the electrons on their main outer levels to form noble gas electron structures because metals normally normally have one, two or three electrons in these main outer levels. As a result, it is easier for metals to lose these electrons than to gain 7-5 electrons in order to form the electron structure of a noble gas.

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9
Q

Non metals gain electrons in order to form the electron structure of a noble gas. Why is this?

A

Non metals have spaces in their outermost main levels, so the easiest way for them to attain the electron structure of a noble gas is to gain electrons

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10
Q

Ionic bonding is the result of what?

A

Ionic bonding is the result of electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

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11
Q

What is the structure of ionic compounds called?

A

These ionic compounds always exist in structures called lattice

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12
Q

What are the properties of ionically bonded compounds?

A

Ionic compounds are:

  1. Always solid at room temp
  2. Have high melting temps
  3. Conduct electricity when molten/dissolved in water (aqueous)
  4. They are brittle and shatter easily when given sharp blows
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13
Q

Ionically bonded compounds have giant structures, which result in high melting temperatures. Why is this?

A

Ionically bonded compounds have giant structures that exist in structures called lattices. In order to melt the compound, high energy must be supplied to break up the lattice of ions

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14
Q

Ionically bonded compounds are brittle and shatter easily when given a sharp blow. Why is this?

A

Ionically bonded compounds are brittle and shatter easily because they form a lattice of alternating positive and negative ions. A blow in any direction may move the ions with like charges, towards each other which will cause them to repel, shattering the structure

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14
Q

Ionically bonded compounds conduct electricity, when molten/dissolved in water (aqueous) but NOT when solid. Why is this?

A

Ionically bonded compounds only conduct electricity when molten/dissolved in water (aqueous) because ions that carry the current are free to move in the liquid state but not free to move in the solid state

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15
Q

There are positive and negative ions, out of the following which will a) become positive/negative as a ion
b) their charge as positive/negative ion

  1. Potassium
  2. Bromide
  3. Chloride
  4. Lithium
  5. Fluoride
  6. Hydrogen
  7. Magnesium
  8. Calcium
  9. Sulphate
  10. Sulphide
    11.Zinc
  11. Nitrate
  12. Oxide
  13. Beryllium
  14. Hydroxide
  15. Silver
  16. Iodide
  17. Carbonate
  18. Aluminium
  19. Sodium
A
  1. Potassium - a positive ion, K+
  2. Bromide - a negative ion, Br-
  3. Chloride - a negative ion, Cl-
  4. Lithium - a positive ion, - Li+
  5. Fluoride - a negative ion, F-
  6. Hydrogen - a positive ion, H+
  7. Magnesium - a positive ion, Mg 2+
  8. Calcium - a positive ion, Ca 2+
  9. Sulphate - a negative ion, SO4 2-
  10. Sulphide - a negative ion - S 2-
  11. Nitrate - a negative ion, NO3 -
  12. Oxide - a negative ion, O 2-
  13. Beryllium - a positive ion, Be 2+
  14. Hydroxide - a negative ion, OH-
  15. Silver - a positive ion, Ag+
  16. Iodide - a negative ion, I-
  17. Carbonate - a negative ion, CO3 2-
  18. Aluminium - a positive ion, Al 3+
  19. Sodium - a positive ion, Na +