Ionic Bonding

Question 1

1.22) What is an ion?

Answer 1

An ion is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss and gain of electrons

Question 2

1.21) What is a cation and how is it formed?

Answer 2

A positively charged ion that has formed by losing its electron(s)

Question 3

1.21) What is an anion and how is it formed?

Answer 3

A negatively charged ion that has formed by gaining electron(s)

Question 4

1. 23) Determine the number of protons, electrons and neutrons from the following ions:
   - > Mg^2+
   - > F^-

Atomic no of:                
Mg= 12.                         
F= 9                                
Mass no of : 
Mg= 24
F= 19

Answer 4

Mg^2+ ion
Protons = 12
Neutrons = 12
Electrons = 10 ( lost 2 electrons)

F^- ion
Protons = 9
Neutrons = 10
Electrons= 10 ( gained one more electron)

Question 5

1.24) An ionic bond can only form between a ____________ and a __________________.

Answer 5

An ionic bond can only form between a metal and a non- metal

Question 6

1.24) Explain the formation of the ionic compound Sodium Chloride (use dot and cross diagrams)

Answer 6

As sodium is a group one metal it loses its one outer electron to gain a full outer shell and becomes a positively charged ion also known as a cation, with a charge of Na+. This one outer electron is transferred to chlorine atoms in group 7 that only need one more electron to achieve a full outer shell so it gains the sodium electron to become a negatively charged ion also known as an anion with a charge of Cl-

Question 7

1.25) Explain the use of the endings -ide and -ate in the name of compounds.

Answer 7

The non-metal always takes on the name ending –ide unless oxygen is also present

However, if oxygen is present in the compound the name ending is usually –ate

Question 8

1.26) State the ionic formulae of the compounds using the ions below:
• Mg2+ and O2-
• Al3+ and SO4^2-

Answer 8

1) Mg2+ and O2- = MgO ( magnesium oxide)

2) Al3+ and SO4^2- = Al2(SO4)3 (aluminium sulfate)

Question 9

1.27)Describe and explain the structure of an ionic compound.

Answer 9

Ionic compounds are made of charged particles called ions which form a giant lattice structure. This lattice structure consists of a regular arrangement of oppositely charged ions that are closely packed together. These ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces also known as ionic bonds between the oppositely charged ions.