Ionic Bonding Flashcards
What are the ionic properties of metals?
High melting/boiling point, hard, brittle, non-conductors as solids, conductors as liquids
How are ions bonded in a solid form?
In a giant lattice structure and are not free to move
How are ions bonded in a molten form?
They are free to move and conduct electricity
What must occur in order for substances to be able to conduct electricity?
They must contain charged particles which are free to move
What are polyatomic ions?
When two or more atoms are covalently bonded and act as single units, such as phosphate or nitrate
What does the Octet Rule state?
Atoms will react in order to obtain 8 valence electrons
What is the exception to the octet rule?
Hydrogen, which has a maximum of 2 electrons in its shell
What is the relationship between the octet rule and bonds?
The number of electrons the atom needs to complete the octet, equals the number of total bonds it makes
What is the trend of atomic radius in the periodic table?
It increases down a group and decreases across a period
What is the relationship between core charge and atomic radius?
As core charge increases, atomic radius decreases
What is the relationship between number of shells and atomic radius?
As the number of shells increases, atomic radius increases
What do metal atoms form?
Positively charged ions called cation, because they donate electrons
What do non-metal atoms form?
Negatively charged ions called anions, because they gain electrons
What is the rule for donating electrons?
Metals always donate electrons to non-metals
What do ionic compounds form?
Crystal lattices resulting from the regular 3D arrangement of cations and anions
How do ions arrange themselves in a lattice?
In the most stable configuration
How do oppositely charged and ions of the same charge arrange themselves?
Oppositely charged ions fit as close together as possible
Ions of the same charge fit as far apart as possible
What is the strength of ionic bonding dependent on?
The size and charge of anions and cations
Why are metal atoms larger than their cations?
They contain more electrons
Why are non-metal atoms smaller than their anions?
They contain less electron shells
Why are ionic compounds brittle?
When shearing forces are applied to the crystal lattices, like charges become close so they repel, and the crystal breaks
What is an example of a molecule which does not possess an octet in its outer shell?
BH3
