Ionic and metallic bonding and structure Flashcards
What is an ion
A charged particle. The number of protons is different to the number of electrons as atoms can lose and gain electrons.
What is giant ionic lattice
When metal atoms transfer electrons to non metal atoms you end up with positive and negative ions. These are attracted to each other by strong electrostatic forced of attraction.(ionic bonding).
How does electrostatic force of attraction work
Works in all directions so many billions of ions can be bonded together in a 3d structure
What is Ionic bonding
When metal atoms react with non metals they transfer electrons to the non metal atom(instead of sharing)
What are the melting points of ionic substances
Ionic substances have high melting points because the electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions are strong and require a lot of energy to break
What is the conductivity of ionic substance
Solid ionic substances can’t conduct electricity as the ions are fixed in place and can’t carry charge.
When melted or dissolved in water the ions are free to move meaning they can carry charge and be electrical conductor
Metals structure
The atoms that make metals form layers. The electrons on the outer shells are delocalised which means they are free to move through the whole structure. The positive metal ions are then attracted to these delocalised electrons by the electrostatic force of attraction
Are Metals malleable
Pure metals are malleable(soft) because the layers can slide over each other
How do metals conduct
Metals are good conductors of electricity and thermal energy because delocalised electrons are free to move through the whole structure.
What are metals melting point
Metals have high melting and boiling points because the electrostatic forces of attraction between metal ions and delocalised electrons is strong so lots of energy needed to break it
Why do we make alloys
Pure metals are often to soft so we mix different element which make the mixture harder because new atoms will be a different size which disturbs the regular arrangement of layers , preventing them from sliding over each other
What is the structure of giant ionic lattice
Regular structure of alternating positive and negative ions, held together by the electrostatic force of attraction
Structure of pure metal
Positive ions in layers surrounded by delocalised electroms
What are 4 properties of pure metals
Malleable, high melting and boiling point, good conductors of electricity and thermal energy
