Ion Names and Charges (Oxidation Numbers) Flashcards
Transition metals, as well as tin and lead), can form _
multiple ions
The exceptions to the transition are _
Silver, Zinc, and Cadmium
What ion does Silver form?
Ag+1
What ion does Zinc form?
Zn+2
What ion does Cadmium form?
Cd+2
The tendency to form different ions is the reason why we have to use
Roman numerals in the names of compounds of transition elements to identify which ion is present
Aluminum Ion
Al+3
Hydride (Hydrogen Ion)
H-1
Manganese (II)
Mn+2
Nickel (II)
Ni+2
Gold (I) or Aurous
Au+
Gold (III) or Auric
Au+3
Tin (II) or Stannous
Sn+2
Tin (IV) or Stannic
Sn+4
Lead (II) or Plumbous
Pb+2
Lead (IV) or Plumbic
Pb+4
Chromium (II) or Chromous
Cr+2
Chromium (III) or Chromic
Cr+3
Iron (II) or Ferrous
Fe+2
Iron (III) or Ferric
Fe+3
Cobalt (II) or Cobaltous
Co+2
Cobalt (III) or Cobaltic
Co+3
Copper (I) or Cuprous
Cu+
Copper (II) or Cupric
Cu+2
Mercury (I) or Mercurous
Hg2 +2
Mercury (II) or Mercuric
Hg+2
Group 1, Alkali metals
+1 ; Roman numerals not needed. H is the exception. It can have a +1 charge (as an acid) or a -1 charge (as a hydride with a metal).
Group 2, Alkaline Earth
+2 only ; Roman numerals not needed.
Group 17, Halogens
-1 in iconic compounds
Group 16
-2 charge when monatomic ; Sulfur and oxygen can form polyatomic ions that can be misleading. Peroxide ion is O2^-2, for example
Transition metals
Variable, many transition metals have more than one possible charge ; Use Roman numerals. The exceptions are Ag^+1, Zn^+2, and Cd^+2. These don’t form other ions and don’t need Roman numerals.
p-Block Metals
Variable, many have more than one possible charge. Some of the semi-metals can form positive or negative ions ; Use Roman numerals. The exceptions are Al^+3 and Po^+2
