IO week 2 Flashcards
Region
A dispute over what defines a region (Shared proximity? Culture? Economic ties? Religion? Language?); Territories particular areas of the world comprising different sovereign states (you can define those with language; culture; geopolitics; ideologies)
Regionalisation
A process of economic integration, driven by the market rather than by governments; emphasizes transnational relations between non-state actors. There are different variants: Functionalism; Neofunctionalism; Intergovernmentalism; Post-functionalism; Comparative regionalism
Regionalism
State-led projects of cooperation and coordination, built through intergovernmental dialogues, treaties, and institutions (e.g. PTAs, ROs)
Cooperation
Refers to limited arrangements that are agreed among states in order to work together in particular areas. Governments systematically inform and consult each other, they may also implement joint actions elsewhere (transport cooperation, energy cooperation, health cooperation)
Regional Integration
Social transformation marked by lowering of internal boundaries, raising of external boundaries, increased flows of people, goods, capital, etc., and transfer of sovereignty to supranational authority (EU union)
Preferential Trading Arrangements (PTAs)
Trading blocs, in which members receive preferential access to one another’s markets; can include customs unions, free trade areas, and common markets
Regional Organizations (ROs)
They are formal and institutionalized cooperative relations among states or sub-state units of different countries and constitute regionalism. Restrictive membership
Moral hazard
Refers to situations where insurance against bad outcomes encourages more risky
behavior
Principle of mutual recognition
Member states can not bar products legally made in one state from being sold in another (mentioned in the chapter for the EU)
Functionalism
A strategy (or a normative method) designed to build peace, constructed around the proposition that the provision of common needs and functions can unite people across state borders; We shouldn’t have ROs if they are going to compete with each other; ROs should be integrated in IOs otherwise there will be a competition: us vs them (EU for example)
Neofunctionalism
TNCs, interest groups, and supranational actors empowered by integration and shape it in their interest; ‘Spillovers’ push integration beyond intergovernmental bargain; spillover is a shift in beliefs; highlights in; highlighted the ROs – they say ROs were to be created by the states
Intergovernmentalism
Governments are the key actors, use integration to achieve economic and security goals in the context of interdependence; outcomes reflect regional preference and power constellations; here governments are the most important actors
Post-functionalism
- Focuses on backlash mechanism of integration from economic and cultural ‘losers’ (e.g. Brexit);
- Focused on disintegration while the others (Functionalism; Neofunctionalism; Intergovernmentalism are focused on integration)
Policy network theory
A prominent strand of theorizing in the EU literature, with a focus on the “clusters” of actors who shape outcomes in individual policy sectors
