Investigative Response Flashcards
What is A PIP Qualification?
Professional Investigation Programme.
PIP level 1 – priority and volume crime investigations
PIP level 2 – serious and complex investigations
PIP level 3 – major investigations
PIP level 4 – strategic management of highly complex investigations.
What is Volume Crime?
Volume crime is defined as:
‘…any crime which, through its sheer volume, has a significant impact on the community and the ability of the local police to tackle it. Volume crime often includes priority crimes such as street robbery, burglary and vehicle- related criminality, but can also apply to criminal damage or assaults.’
What is serious crime?
Serious crime is defined in section 93(4) of the Police Act 1997 as:
‘Conduct which
(a) involves the use of violence, results in substantial financial gain or is conducted by a large number of persons in pursuit of a common purpose or
(b) the offence or one of the offences is an offence for which a person who has attained the age of twenty-one and has no previous convictions could reasonably be expected to be sentenced to imprisonment for a term of three years or more.’
3 Characteristics of Crime?
Crime can be placed into three broad categories:
acquisitive crime, e.g. theft
crimes against the person
crimes against society (sometimes known as victimless crimes).
What is the test of relevance?
The test of relevance is:
‘…evidence which makes the matter which requires proof more or less probable.’
The standard of proof in the criminal courts is
proof beyond reasonable doubt.
Legal Powers of Investigators?
Investigators have access to a range of legal powers that enable them to conduct effective investigations.
Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996 (CPIA)
Regulation of Investigatory Powers 2000 (RIPA)
Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE)
Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA)
Equality Act 2010
Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (YJCEA).
Under certain conditions, these powers allow
investigators to deprive individuals of their liberty,
use reasonable physical force, enter their homes
or other private premises, gain access to private
information and to deploy intrusive surveillance
techniques.
Investigators have a high level of discretion in
how they choose to use these powers.
You have been introduced to many of these
powers already and the following will provide
further context in relation to conducting an
investigation.
What is RIPA?
The Act allows for the lawful interference with
the right to respect for private and family life,
under Article 8 of the European Convention on
Human Rights, in justified circumstances where
law enforcement agencies can show that such
interference is necessary, proportionate and in
accordance with a legitimate aim.
Circumstances which would permit the use of
covert techniques under RIPA include where it is
necessary:
in the interests of national security
for the purpose of preventing or detecting
crime or of preventing disorder
in the interests of the economic wellbeing of
the UK
in the interests of public safety
for the purpose of protecting public health
for the purpose of assessing or collecting any
tax, duty, levy or other imposition, contribution
or charge payable to a government department
or
for any purpose not falling within the above,
but which is specified by an order made by the
secretary of state.
PACE- Police and criminal evidence act 1984
PACE provides the powers the police need to investigate crime. PACE sets out to strike the right balance between powers of the police and the rights and freedoms of the public. It covers areas such as search, detention in custody, interviewing, arrest and a range of police powers, many of which will feature in every investigation. It is supported by the PACE Codes of Practice.
Human Rights Act
Article 1 Protection of property
Article 2 Right to life
Article 3 Prohibition of torture
Article 4 Prohibition of slavery and forced
labour
Article 5 Right to liberty and security
Article 6 Right to a fair trial
Article 7 No punishment without law
Article 8 Right to respect for private and family
life
Article 9 Freedom of thought, conscience and
religion
Article 10 Freedom of expression
Article 11 Freedom of assembly and
association
Article 12 Right to marry
Article 14 Prohibition of discrimination.
Section 8 & 9 PACE
Allow for search warrants of all offences including murder
What are the National Standards for Invetigative Response?
• Time/Date of report recieved
• Method of the report E.g 999/101/ WebchatPatrol Report
• Time/Date the report was recorded
• URN (Unique Reference Number)
• Details of person making the report
• Describe the location/nature of the report
• Opening/Closing category
• Time/Date Classified
An investigative response is the ethical recording of police incidents
What does HOCR stand for?
Home office counting rules
What Is HOCR?
HOCR is crime recording. It helps to
1. Prioritise investigations of crime
2. Inform Public
3. Build intelligence for effect response
4. Understand demand
5. Develop Policy
HOCR Is a victim orientated approach to crime recording as it brings more consistencyconsistency
When recording crime we use the code of ethics. If crime isn’t recorded correctly then forces cab be subject to cuts if they think the demand is less.
What is invetigative response?
The ethical recording of police incidents. If not recorded correctly, it can have an impact on force funding
What is the crime recording process?
• Incident Log
First initial Log that is made, its not always crimed so can be closed.
• Crime Report
Following attendance to an incident log this is the log created that is a record that a crime has took place and whether you decide that a crime has happened
What may be a reason for NOT recording a crime?
• Declines personal details
• Don’t want to take the complaint any further
• Allegation cannot be proven
• Allegation should be considered as made at first point of contact
ALL OF THESE DO NOT MEAN THAT A CRIME HASNT TOOK PLACE
Sometimes victims can be recorded as Unknown, if they are dead or in a kidnap when a victim is apparent but not know. These are still recorded.
When is a crime record & incident log closed?
• If something is crimed on a crime log, the initial incident log is then closed and all following information is uploaded onto the crime log.
• If an incident log is closed a crime report is not created If there is no crime therefore it is closed.
• A crime log is closed when the case is solved
If someone is NFA or complaint is withdrawn it is then FILED.
It is NEVER closed it just doesn’t get investigated anymore. (Unless new evidence comes to light).
On some incidents like rape/murder cases following court, records may be reopened to investigate the offence again.
What is the role of the Crime Registrar?
• Ensuring that everyone is reporting crime accurately.
-integrity data
-They inspect fairness/Quality/Transparency/unbiased and impartial
What is HMICFRS?
His Majestity inspectorate of constabulary and fire and rescue service
What is PEEL and what do they do?
P- Police
E- Efficiency
E- Effectivness
L- Legitimacy
The PEEL inspection compares forces. If forces fail to meet requirements, they can implement special measures for failing to record. They go into control rooms, Inspect logs, reports and crime reports.
Force crime registration are the ones who decide if its a crime an of it should be recorded.
What is PEEL and what do they do?
P- Police
E- Efficiency
E- Effectivness
L- Legitimacy
The PEEL inspection compares forces. If forces fail to meet requirements, they can implement special measures for failing to record. They They go into control rooms, Inspect logs, reports and crime reports.
How do you conduct a investigation plan? And what do you consider
• Challeneges
Examples include community engagement, witnesses coming forward, access to cctv, albi, poor responses from victims, weather, victim disterburing the scene, major/critical incidents, number of officers available, resources, loss of evidence & Golden Hour
• Priorities
Examples include, number of victims, injuries, preserving life, emergency services such as Ambo, forensics, offender still present, road closures, effects on the public, victims not updated
• Decision Making ( NDM)
Using NDM to assist with a methodical review and assessment of powers/risk/options
Evidence can come in many forms, list some examples of where you could source materials from?
• Transfer of material
• Victim (DNA/Clothing/photos/videos/messages
• Suspect (DNA/Blood/Clothing/phones)
• RTC (Forensics)
• Location (CCTV/Ring Door bell/Forensics)
• Intelligence Reports
• Witnesses Statements
• Police report/Crime report/Incident Log
• Audio/CCTV in station or during interview
• DNA/fingerprints/Blood (how you store/preserve these)
• Body Cam
• Go back to the primary sour e
What are the building blocks to the initial response to an incident?
• Preserve life
• Preserve scene
• Secure evidence
• Identity victims
• Identify suspects
BUILDING BLOCKS
