Investigation findings

Question 1

mesenteric ischaemia CT - 3

Answer 1

oedematous bowel
loss of wall enhancement
pneumotosis intestalis/portalis

Question 2

anterior uveitis slit lamp - 3

Answer 2

conjunctival injection
keratic precipitates
anterior chamber cells

Question 3

non proliferative DM retinopathy slit lamp - 4

Answer 3

dots (microaneurysms)
blots
hard exudates
cotton wool spots

Question 4

proliferative DM retinopathy slit lamp - 4

Answer 4

blots
flame haemorrhages
new vessels
vitreous haemorrhage

Question 5

cholecystitis USS - 3

Answer 5

stones
sludge
thick walled gallbladder

Question 6

SBO AXR - 5

Answer 6

multiple loops of dilated bowel >3cm
centrally located
valvulae conniventies transversing bowel
Rigler's signs
mottled appearance of faeces in LB

Question 7

benign ovarian cysts USS - 4

Answer 7

unilocular
acoustic shadowing
no blood flow
solid components <7mm

Question 8

malignant ovarian cysts USS - 6

Answer 8

irregular solid mass
ascites
4+ papillary structures
multilocular
strong blood flow
increase in size by 20%

Question 9

Alzheimer’s CT - 2

Answer 9

enlarged temporal horns

atrophy

Question 10

coeliac histology - 3

Answer 10

villous atrophy
crypt hyperplasia
increased IEL

Question 11

crohn’s histology - 3

Answer 11

non caseating granulomas
goblet cells
transmural inflammation

Question 12

crohn’s small bowel enema - 4

Answer 12

Kantor’s string sign - strictures
proximal bowel dilation
rose thorn ulcers
fistulae

Question 13

UC histology - 5

Answer 13

submucosal inflammation
pseudopolyps
lamina propria infiltration with neutrophils
crypt abscesses
goblet cell depletion

Question 14

UC barium enema - 3

Answer 14

loss of haustrations
pseudopolyps
drainpipe colon

Question 15

Pancreatitis AXR - 1

Answer 15

sentinel loops of air filled bowel

Question 16

gallstone ileus AXR - 3

Answer 16

air in biliary tree
dilated loops of small bowel
radioopaque gallstone

Question 17

paralytic ileus AXR - 1

Answer 17

gas throughout small and large bowel

Question 18

osteosarcoma XR - 3

Answer 18

cortical destruction
periosteal elevation
calcification in tumour (outside bone)

Question 19

endometriosis laparascopy - 3

Answer 19

adhesions
powder burns
chocolate cysts

Question 20

ank spond XR - 5

Answer 20

vertebral body erosions
bony spurs
spinal ligament calcification (bamboo)

wide then narrow SI joints
subchondral erosions or cysts on iliac side of SI joint

Question 21

RA XR - 5

Answer 21

loss of joint space
erosions
soft tissue swelling
subchondral cysts
subluxation

Question 22

OA XR - 4

Answer 22

loss of joint space
osteophytes
subchondral cysts and sclerosis

Question 23

MS histology - 3

Answer 23

demyelination
perivenous inflammatory infiltrate
plaques with hypercellular edges or central gliosis

Question 24

Perthe’s XR - 2

Answer 24

lucency of femoral head

loss of smooth contours of femoral head

Question 25

Rickets XR - 3

Answer 25

fraying of metaphysis
widening of metaphysis
cupping of metaphysis

Question 26

NEC AXR - 4

Answer 26

distended bowel loops
thick bowel wall with Rigler’s sign
pneumoperitoneum
portal venous gas

Question 27

Meconium ileus AXR - 3

Answer 27

dilated loops of bowel
bubbly appearance
absence of air-fluid levels

Question 28

TTN CXR - 3

Answer 28

hyperinflation
perihilar interstitial oedema
small pleural effusions

Question 29

Bronchiolitis CXR - 2

Answer 29

hyperinflation

small areas of collapse (mucous plugging)

Question 30

RDS CXR - 1

Answer 30

ground glass

Question 31

Intussusception AXR - 3

Answer 31

absent liver edge
target sign (better seen on USS)
crescent sign

Question 32

Psoriasis biopsy - 3

Answer 32

Keratinocyte hyperproliferation
Tortutous dermal capillaries
Thinned granular layer