Investigation findings Flashcards
mesenteric ischaemia CT - 3
oedematous bowel
loss of wall enhancement
pneumotosis intestalis/portalis
anterior uveitis slit lamp - 3
conjunctival injection
keratic precipitates
anterior chamber cells
non proliferative DM retinopathy slit lamp - 4
dots (microaneurysms)
blots
hard exudates
cotton wool spots
proliferative DM retinopathy slit lamp - 4
blots
flame haemorrhages
new vessels
vitreous haemorrhage
cholecystitis USS - 3
stones
sludge
thick walled gallbladder
SBO AXR - 5
multiple loops of dilated bowel >3cm centrally located valvulae conniventies transversing bowel Rigler's signs mottled appearance of faeces in LB
benign ovarian cysts USS - 4
unilocular
acoustic shadowing
no blood flow
solid components <7mm
malignant ovarian cysts USS - 6
irregular solid mass ascites 4+ papillary structures multilocular strong blood flow increase in size by 20%
Alzheimer’s CT - 2
enlarged temporal horns
atrophy
coeliac histology - 3
villous atrophy
crypt hyperplasia
increased IEL
crohn’s histology - 3
non caseating granulomas
goblet cells
transmural inflammation
crohn’s small bowel enema - 4
Kantor’s string sign - strictures
proximal bowel dilation
rose thorn ulcers
fistulae
UC histology - 5
submucosal inflammation pseudopolyps lamina propria infiltration with neutrophils crypt abscesses goblet cell depletion
UC barium enema - 3
loss of haustrations
pseudopolyps
drainpipe colon
Pancreatitis AXR - 1
sentinel loops of air filled bowel
gallstone ileus AXR - 3
air in biliary tree
dilated loops of small bowel
radioopaque gallstone
paralytic ileus AXR - 1
gas throughout small and large bowel
osteosarcoma XR - 3
cortical destruction
periosteal elevation
calcification in tumour (outside bone)
endometriosis laparascopy - 3
adhesions
powder burns
chocolate cysts
ank spond XR - 5
vertebral body erosions
bony spurs
spinal ligament calcification (bamboo)
wide then narrow SI joints
subchondral erosions or cysts on iliac side of SI joint
RA XR - 5
loss of joint space erosions soft tissue swelling subchondral cysts subluxation
OA XR - 4
loss of joint space
osteophytes
subchondral cysts and sclerosis
MS histology - 3
demyelination
perivenous inflammatory infiltrate
plaques with hypercellular edges or central gliosis
Perthe’s XR - 2
lucency of femoral head
loss of smooth contours of femoral head
