Investigation Flashcards

(122 cards)

1
Q

BPH

A

DRE, PSA

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2
Q

RCC

A

First line USS, GS renal biopsy

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3
Q

Prostate cancer

A

First line DRE/PSA, GS transrectal USS and biopsy

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4
Q

Testicular cancer

A

First line US of testes, GS biopsy

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5
Q

UTI

A

First line urinalysis, GS MSU MC&S

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6
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

USS

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7
Q

Renal stones

A

First line urinalysis, GS non-contrast CT KUB

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8
Q

AKI

A

U&E to determine GFR, creatinine, imaging

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9
Q

Bladder cancer

A

GS is colonoscopy and biopsy

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10
Q

Urethritis

A

MC&S of discharge

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11
Q

Nephritic syndrome

A

First line urinalysis, GS renal biopsy

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12
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

A

GS is needle biopsy and microscopy

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13
Q

PKD

A

GS is renal USS and biopsy

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14
Q

Liver failure

A

PT, AST, ALT

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15
Q

PBC

A

AMA, leucocytosis, ALP, bilirubin, CRP

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16
Q

Cholangitis

A

MC&S, blood cultures

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17
Q

Acute pancreatitis

A

Serum amylase and lipase, urine amylase

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18
Q

Biliary colic

A

ALP, USS

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19
Q

Chronic pancreatitis

A

GS is pancreatic calcification on USS

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20
Q

Alcoholic liver disease

A

AST:ALT 2:1 or more, GGT very raised

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21
Q

Portal HTN/varices

A

Upper GI endoscopy, hepatic venous pressure gradient

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22
Q

Cirrhosis

A

First line US/CT, GS is liver biopsy

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23
Q

Hepatitis

A

RNA and serology, Anti hepatitis antibodies

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24
Q

Infective diarrhoea

A

Stool culture

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25
Haemochromatosis
Iron study, GS is liver biopsy
26
Wilson's
Serum copper and ceruloplasmin, GS is liver biopsy
27
Liver tumours
Alpha fetoprotein, GS is CT and biopsy
28
Pancreatic cancer
GS is CT/US and biopsy
29
T2DM
Random plasma glucose, OGTT, HbA1
30
COPD
Spirometry, CXR
31
Asthma
PEF, spirometry
32
Lung cancer
Lung function test, fine needle aspiration and biopsy
33
Malignant mesothelioma
CXR, bloody pleural fluid
34
PE
D-dimer, CT pulmonary angiogram, ABG
35
TB
CXR, sputum smear and culture, nucleic acid amplification test, ziehl neelsen stain for acid fast bacilli
36
Pneumonia
CXR, sputum microscopy and culture
37
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
Serum alpha-1-antitrypsin levels
38
Pulmonary fibrosis
GS is high resolution CT
39
Sarcoidosis
Raised ESR, raised serum ACE, bone profile, transbronchial biopsy
40
Bronchiestasis
Spirometry, sputum culture
41
Cystic fibrosis
Sweat test, genetics, faecal elastase
42
Pleural effusion
First line is CXR, GS is thoracocentesis
43
Pneumothorax
First line is CXR
44
Pulmonary Hypotension
First line is CXR, ECG, echo, GS is right heart catheterisation
45
Aortic stenosis
GS is echocardiogram
46
Aortic regurgitation
GS is echocardiogram
47
Mitral stenosis
GS is echocardiogram
48
Mitral regurgitation
GS is echocardiogram
49
Stable angina
First line is ECG, GS is CT coronary angiography
50
Unstable angina
First line is ECG, troponin
51
ACS
First line is ECG, troponin
52
Heart Failure
First line is ECG, BNP, GS is echocardiogram
53
Infective Endocarditis
GS is echocardiogram, blood cultures
54
AF
ECG
55
Atrial flutter
ECG
56
Heart block
ECG
57
AAA
Ultrasonography
58
Aortic dissection
First line is ECG, CXR, GS is CT
59
Peripheral vascular disease
Ankle brachial pressure index
60
Pericarditis
ECG
61
Microcytic anaemia
FBC, reticulocyte count, ferritin
62
Pernicious anaemia
Parietal cell antibodies, IF antibodies
63
Sickle cell anaemia
First line is blood film, sickle solubility test, GS is Hb electrophoresis
64
DVT
Wells Score, D-dimer, GS is Doppler USS
65
ALL
FBC, blood film
66
Multiple myeloma
Urine electrophoresis, blood film
67
Malaria
Thick and thin blood films, PCR, rapid diagnostic test
68
Polycythaemia
Low EPO, raised Hb, bone marrow biopsy
69
Haemophilia A
Factor VIII
70
Haemophilia B
Factor IX
71
DIC
Prolonged PT time, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, low fibrinogen levels
72
CNS infections
CSF, blood cultures and PCR
73
Stroke
CT
74
SDH
CT
75
SAH
CT
76
EDH
CT
77
Epilepsy
EEG
78
MS
GS is MRI
79
Spinal cord compression
First line is X-ray of spine
80
Trigeminal nerve lesion
Sensation to the face, muscles of jaw, jaw jerk, corneal reflex
81
Abducens lesion
Ability to abduct eye
82
Facial lesion
Inspect face for any weakness or asymmetry, smile, raise eyebrows, puff out the cheeks, frown, touch lateral aspect of tongue with sugar/salt/vinegar
83
Vestibulocochlear lesion
Tuning fork, nystagmus
84
Glossopharyngeal/Vagus lesion
Hoarse or nasal voice, elevation of palate, gag reflex
85
Accessory lesion
Turn head against resistance, shrug shoulders against resistance
86
Hypoglossal lesion
Stick out tongue
87
MG
ACh receptor antibodies, TFT, crushed ice test
88
PH
First line is FBC, CXR, Echo, GS is right heart catheterisation
89
HIV
GS is ELISA for HIV antibody and antigen
90
DKA
pH, glucose, ketones
91
Hyperthyroidism/Graves'
TFT, thyroid autoantibodies
92
Hypothyroidism
TFT
93
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Anti-TPO, anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, TFT
94
Thyroid cancer
First line is TFT and US of neck, GS is biopsy
95
Cushing's syndrome
First line is random plasma cortisol, 48h dexamethasone suppression test
96
Acromegaly
IGF-1, MRI
97
Addison's
GS is short synacthen test
98
SIADH
ADH levels, U&E
99
DI
Water deprivation test
100
GORD
Endoscopy
101
Ulcerative colitis
Faecal calprotectin, pANCA positive, GS is colonoscopy and biopsy
102
Crohn's disease
Faecal calprotectin, GS is colonoscopy and biopsy
103
Coeliac
IgA tissue transglutaminase, GS is endoscopy with duodenal biopsy
104
Oesophageal cancer
Upper GI endoscopy and biopsy
105
Gastric cancer
Gastroscopy and biopsy
106
Colon cancer
First line is faecal occult blood test, GS is colonoscopy and biopsy
107
Peptic ulcer
Urease breath test, GS is upper GI endoscopy
108
Bowel obstruction
First line is abdominal X-ray. GS is non-contrast CT
109
Diverticular disease
CT and colonoscopy
110
Gastritis
Endoscopy and biopsy
111
Osteoarthritis
X-ray - LOSS
112
Gout
Polarised light microscopy of synovial fluid, X-ray - punched out erosions
113
Pseudogout
Polarised light microscopy of synovial fluid
114
Ankylosing spondylitis
X-ray - bamboo spine
115
Psoriatic arthritis
X-ray - pencil-in-cup
116
Rheumatoid arthritis
Anti-CCP, RF, X-ray - LESS
117
Osteoporosis
DEXA - under -2.5
118
SLE
Complement, Increased ESR, normal CRP
119
Bone tumour
First line is X-ray, GS is biopsy
120
Osteomalacia
First line X-ray, GS is bone biopsies
121
Back pain
First line X-ray, GS is MRI
122
Sjogren's
Schirmer's test, lacrimal gland biopsy, antibody testing