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Biology > Invertebrates, Humans, Plant Structure > Flashcards

Invertebrates, Humans, Plant Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Gnathostomes

A
  • have jaws
  • lateral line system
  • enlarge forebrain
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2
Q

Tetrapods

A
  • gnathostomes that have limbs

- don’t have gills

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3
Q

Amniotes

A
  • tetrapods that have eggs
  • use rib cage to ventilate lungs
  • breathe through skin
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4
Q

4 key features of chordates

A
  • hollow nerve cord
  • notochord
  • pharyngeal slits
  • post anal tail
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5
Q

Important adaptations that left amniotes to thrive on land

A
  • breathe air through skin

- use lungs for ventalation

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6
Q

Pharyngeal slits

A

Filter feeding organs that develops into gills

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7
Q

Lateral line

A

Detect movement and vibration in water

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8
Q

Cloaca

A

Passageway for feces, urine and reproduction

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9
Q

Characteristics of reptiles

A
  • lay eggs
  • cold blooded
  • breathe through lungs
  • scales
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10
Q

3 main groups under class Mammalia

A
  • monotremes
  • eutherians
  • marsupials
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11
Q

Adaptions in birds facilitate flight

A

Hollow bones: keep body light

Oversized chest muscles: keep moving wings

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12
Q

Oviparous

A

Hatch outside

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13
Q

Ovoviviparous

A
  • develop in uterus

- nutrition from egg yolk

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14
Q

Viviparous

A
  • develop in uterus

- nourishment from mothers blood

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15
Q

Ectothermic

A

Absorb heat outside body

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16
Q
  1. Endothermic
A

Produce heat inside

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17
Q

Fibrous roots

A

A fine branch root

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18
Q

Taproots

A

One main vertical root

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19
Q

Root hairs

A

Extension of root cells

Absorption

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20
Q

Adventitious roots

A

Come from a stem

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21
Q

Annuals

A

Seed to flower

1 dominant seed

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22
Q

Biennials

A

2 yrs to complete life cycle

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23
Q

Perennials

A

Persist many ground generations

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24
Q

Dermal

A

Skin of plant

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25
Q

Vascular

A

Carry nutrition and water for plants

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26
Q

Ground tissues

A

Between vascular and dermal

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27
Q

Functions of Parenchyma

A
  • store air, water, nutrients

- photosynthesis

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28
Q

Functions of Collenchyma

A
  • support

- transfer nutrients

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29
Q

Functions of Sclerenchyma

A
  • protection

- transport water and nutrients

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30
Q

Cells of the xylem

A
  • water and mineral transport through entire plant
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31
Q

Cells of the phloem

A
  • transport food and nutrients from leaves to plants
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32
Q

Phenomenon of apical dominance

A

Central stem becomes dominant

Grows faster than other stems

33
Q

Determinate growth

A

Plants stop growing

34
Q

Indeterminate growth

A

Plants keep growing

35
Q

Primary growth of tissues of roots and hairs

A
  • increase length
36
Q

Secondary growth of tissues of roots and hairs

A
  • increase girth
37
Q

Primary growth in plants

A
  • cell division happens at tip of root and stem
38
Q

Secondary growth in plants

A
  • cell division happen in cambia
39
Q
  1. Different types of root/stem modifications
A
  • prop
  • storage
  • butteres
40
Q

Y pollen grains were an important adaptation for successful reproduction on land

A

Because it contributed to the diversity of sed plants

41
Q

Sepals

A

-protect flower bud before it opens

42
Q

Petals

A
  • modified leaf that pollinates
43
Q

Stamens

A
  • pollen producing reproductive organ
44
Q

Carpels

A
  • ovule producing reproductive organ
45
Q

Filament

A
  • stalk of segment
46
Q

Anther

A

-pollen grain where male gametes form

47
Q

Stigma

A
  • traps pollen grains
48
Q

Style

A
  • stalk of flower carpel
49
Q

Ovary

A
  • where ovules develop
50
Q

Ovule

A
  • contains female gametes
51
Q

Aggregate

A
  • come from single flower with multiple unfused carpels
52
Q

Accessory

A
  • don’t reproduce
53
Q

Simple fruit

A

Develop from single ovary

54
Q

Multiple fruits

A

Develop from a group of people flowers into a fruit

55
Q

How fruits may be adapted to disperse seeds

A
  • wind
  • water
  • animals
56
Q

Explain how either male/female gametes ae produced in a flowering plant

A

Female: produce inside ovule

-

57
Q

Fate of the ovule after fertilization

A

Becomes seeds

58
Q

The ovary after fertilization

A

Becomes fruit

59
Q
  1. The endosperm after fertilization
A

Provides nutrients

60
Q

Tinbergen’s four questions and identify each as proximate/ultimate causation

A
  1. What are the stimuli that produce the response (cause)
  2. How does the behavior contribute to animal survival?
  3. How behavior develop during animals lifetime?
  4. How behavior aries in species?
61
Q

Kinesis and taxis

A

K: change in activity ( not stright)

T: towards/away activity (stright)

62
Q

Circadian and circannial behavioral rhythms

A

Circadian: internal 24 hrs activity

Circannual: behavioral rhythm yearly

63
Q

Landmark and cognitive maps

A

L: location indicators

Cog: eternal objects in surroundings

64
Q

Classical and operant conditioning

A

Classical: associated with particular outcome

Op: trial and error

65
Q

How associative learning may help a predator avoid toxic prey

A

By looking like prey predators would avoid

66
Q

How cross fostering experiments help identify the relative importance of environmental and genetic factors in determining specific behaviors

A

How the environment changes behavior of species

67
Q

Foraging

A

Getting food

68
Q

Communication

A

Exchange of ideas

69
Q

Signal

A

Remarkable

70
Q

Fixed action

A

Born instinct

71
Q

Habituation

A

Simple form of learning

72
Q

Imprinting

A

Baby animals that follow anything

73
Q

Promiscuous
Monogamous
Polygamous

A

Promiscuous: 1 male

74
Q

How the certainty of paternity may influence the development of mating systems

A

Knowing if the child belongs to them

75
Q

Intersexual and intrasexual selection

A

Inter: choose mates by certain traits (females)

Intra: choose mare by competition (males)

76
Q

Sexual dimorphism

A

Different in size/appearance between sexes

77
Q

Altruistic behavior and relate coefficient of relatedness to the concept of altruism

A

Altruistic: behavior that’s not selfish

78
Q

Social learning

A

H

79
Q
  1. Associative learning
A

Y

Biology (5 decks)

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