Invertebrates, Humans, Plant Structure Flashcards
1
Q
Gnathostomes
A
- have jaws
- lateral line system
- enlarge forebrain
2
Q
Tetrapods
A
- gnathostomes that have limbs
- don’t have gills
3
Q
Amniotes
A
- tetrapods that have eggs
- use rib cage to ventilate lungs
- breathe through skin
4
Q
4 key features of chordates
A
- hollow nerve cord
- notochord
- pharyngeal slits
- post anal tail
5
Q
Important adaptations that left amniotes to thrive on land
A
- breathe air through skin
- use lungs for ventalation
6
Q
Pharyngeal slits
A
Filter feeding organs that develops into gills
7
Q
Lateral line
A
Detect movement and vibration in water
8
Q
Cloaca
A
Passageway for feces, urine and reproduction
9
Q
Characteristics of reptiles
A
- lay eggs
- cold blooded
- breathe through lungs
- scales
10
Q
3 main groups under class Mammalia
A
- monotremes
- eutherians
- marsupials
11
Q
Adaptions in birds facilitate flight
A
Hollow bones: keep body light
Oversized chest muscles: keep moving wings
12
Q
Oviparous
A
Hatch outside
13
Q
Ovoviviparous
A
- develop in uterus
- nutrition from egg yolk
14
Q
Viviparous
A
- develop in uterus
- nourishment from mothers blood
15
Q
Ectothermic
A
Absorb heat outside body
16
Q
- Endothermic
A
Produce heat inside
17
Q
Fibrous roots
A
A fine branch root
18
Q
Taproots
A
One main vertical root
19
Q
Root hairs
A
Extension of root cells
Absorption
20
Q
Adventitious roots
A
Come from a stem
21
Q
Annuals
A
Seed to flower
1 dominant seed
22
Q
Biennials
A
2 yrs to complete life cycle
23
Q
Perennials
A
Persist many ground generations
24
Q
Dermal
A
Skin of plant
25
Vascular
Carry nutrition and water for plants
26
Ground tissues
Between vascular and dermal
27
Functions of Parenchyma
- store air, water, nutrients
| - photosynthesis
28
Functions of Collenchyma
- support
| - transfer nutrients
29
Functions of Sclerenchyma
- protection
| - transport water and nutrients
30
Cells of the xylem
- water and mineral transport through entire plant
31
Cells of the phloem
- transport food and nutrients from leaves to plants
32
Phenomenon of apical dominance
Central stem becomes dominant
| Grows faster than other stems
33
Determinate growth
Plants stop growing
34
Indeterminate growth
Plants keep growing
35
Primary growth of tissues of roots and hairs
- increase length
36
Secondary growth of tissues of roots and hairs
- increase girth
37
Primary growth in plants
- cell division happens at tip of root and stem
38
Secondary growth in plants
- cell division happen in cambia
39
39. Different types of root/stem modifications
- prop
- storage
- butteres
40
Y pollen grains were an important adaptation for successful reproduction on land
Because it contributed to the diversity of sed plants
41
Sepals
-protect flower bud before it opens
42
Petals
- modified leaf that pollinates
43
Stamens
- pollen producing reproductive organ
44
Carpels
- ovule producing reproductive organ
45
Filament
- stalk of segment
46
Anther
-pollen grain where male gametes form
47
Stigma
- traps pollen grains
48
Style
- stalk of flower carpel
49
Ovary
- where ovules develop
50
Ovule
- contains female gametes
51
Aggregate
- come from single flower with multiple unfused carpels
52
Accessory
- don't reproduce
53
Simple fruit
Develop from single ovary
54
Multiple fruits
Develop from a group of people flowers into a fruit
55
How fruits may be adapted to disperse seeds
- wind
- water
- animals
56
Explain how either male/female gametes ae produced in a flowering plant
Female: produce inside ovule
| -
57
Fate of the ovule after fertilization
Becomes seeds
58
The ovary after fertilization
Becomes fruit
59
60. The endosperm after fertilization
Provides nutrients
60
Tinbergen's four questions and identify each as proximate/ultimate causation
1. What are the stimuli that produce the response (cause)
2. How does the behavior contribute to animal survival?
3. How behavior develop during animals lifetime?
4. How behavior aries in species?
61
Kinesis and taxis
K: change in activity ( not stright)
T: towards/away activity (stright)
62
Circadian and circannial behavioral rhythms
Circadian: internal 24 hrs activity
Circannual: behavioral rhythm yearly
63
Landmark and cognitive maps
L: location indicators
Cog: eternal objects in surroundings
64
Classical and operant conditioning
Classical: associated with particular outcome
Op: trial and error
65
How associative learning may help a predator avoid toxic prey
By looking like prey predators would avoid
66
How cross fostering experiments help identify the relative importance of environmental and genetic factors in determining specific behaviors
How the environment changes behavior of species
67
Foraging
Getting food
68
Communication
Exchange of ideas
69
Signal
Remarkable
70
Fixed action
Born instinct
71
Habituation
Simple form of learning
72
Imprinting
Baby animals that follow anything
73
Promiscuous
Monogamous
Polygamous
Promiscuous: 1 male
74
How the certainty of paternity may influence the development of mating systems
Knowing if the child belongs to them
75
Intersexual and intrasexual selection
Inter: choose mates by certain traits (females)
Intra: choose mare by competition (males)
76
Sexual dimorphism
Different in size/appearance between sexes
77
Altruistic behavior and relate coefficient of relatedness to the concept of altruism
Altruistic: behavior that's not selfish
78
Social learning
H
79
80. Associative learning
Y
