Invertebrates (2) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the most successful groups of animals and what percent do they make up?

A

Insects. Nearly 75% of all identified animal species are insects; there may be as many as 30 million insect species.

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2
Q

What are the body parts of an insect?

A

The body of an insect typically includes:

-a head,
-thorax,
-abdomen,
-three sets of legs, and
-wings (in most).

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3
Q

What makes insects the most successful group of animals?

A

The extraordinary success of insects is due to:-

-body segmentation
-an exoskeleton
-jointed appendages
-flight
-a waterproof cuticle
-a complex life cycle with short generations and large numbers of offspring

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4
Q

What do 80% of insects’ life cycles often include?

A

Metamorphosis. Larva transforms from a pupa into an adult.

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5
Q

What is the other process insects undergo as a life cycle?

A

Other insect species undergo incomplete metamorphosis, (transition from larva to adult is achieved through multiple molts, but without forming a pupa)

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6
Q

What role does an insect’s appearance play in their success and where did these traits result from?

A

Specialized appendages and protective color patterns have also played a major role in this group’s success.

These traits frequently result from evolutionary changes in the timing and location of homeotic gene expression.

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7
Q

What are the morphological features of echinoderms?

A

Echinoderms(phylum Echinodermata) are:

-a diverse group including sea stars sand dollars, and sea urchins
-slow-moving or sessile
-all marine
-radially symmetrical as adults
-deuterostomes

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8
Q

What kind of skeleton do echinoderms have and what are they made of?

A

Echinoderms have an endoskeleton of hard calcium-containing plates under a thin skin.

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9
Q

What kind of vascular system do echinoderms have and what other unique abilities do they have?

A

A water vascular system based on a network of water-filled canals that branch into extensions called tube feet, and the ability to regenerate lost arms.

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of phylum chordata?

A

Chordates (phylum Chordata) are defined by:

  • Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
    -A flexible, supportive, longitudinal rod the notochord
    -pharyngeal slits
    A muscular post-anal tail.
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11
Q

How are tunicates and lancelets characterized?

A

Tunicates and lancelets:

-do not have a backbone and
-use their pharyngeal slits for suspension feeding

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12
Q

What are the simplest chordates?

A

The simplest chordates are lancelets and tunicates, marine invertebrates.

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13
Q

Explain the features of an adult tunicate and larva tunicate.

A

Adult tunicates are stationary and attached, while the tunicate larva is a tadpole-like organism.

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14
Q

How are invertebrates valuable to us?

A
  1. Freshwater mussels filter and improve water quality in natural ecosystems and reduce the cost of water treatment for human uses.
  2. Reef-dwelling cone snails produce a powerful painkiller in their venom.
  3. Most flowering plants are pollinated by animals, chiefly insects.
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