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Science; Biology > Invertebrates; 1101 > Flashcards

Invertebrates; 1101 Flashcards

Questions

1
Q

Worms are?

A

cold-blooded, invertebrates with long, slender, soft bodies

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2
Q

Worms have no?

A

skeletons or legs

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3
Q

Worms bodies exhibit?

A

bilateral symmetry

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4
Q

What are the three general categories that all worms can be grouped in?

A

segmented worms, flatworms, and roundworms

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5
Q

What is a septum?

A

a thin wall of transverse epithelial tissue in a segmented worm, that divides each segment from the next segment

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6
Q

What is the coelom?

A

the hollow body cavity of a segmented worm that lies between the body wall and digestive tract

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7
Q

What is the cuticle?

A

the outer layer of the body wall of a segmented worm, a thin, waterproof layer of collagen that covers and protects the epidermis

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8
Q

How is a segmented worm able to crawl and swim?

A

by contracting and relaxing its circular and longitudinal musles

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9
Q

Where is the earthworm’s mouth?

A

in the first first segment at the anterior end of the worm

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10
Q

Where is the earthworm’s anus?

A

in the last segment at the posterior end of the worm

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11
Q

What is a clitellate?

A

a type of segmented worm that has a thickened glandular region called the clitellum, which aids in the reproductive process

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12
Q

What is the clitellum?

A

a thickened glandular region, which aids in the reproductive process

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13
Q

What are setae?

A

microscopic, hairlike brisles that stick out from the body segments and help the clitellate move through its burrow

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14
Q

What are aortic arches?

A

the five pairs of muscle-lined blood vessels that pump blood through a clitellates closed circulary system

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15
Q

What happens in the earthworms esophagus?

A

the acid in humas that could damage the delicate lining of the earthworms digestive tract is nutralized when food mixes with calcium carbonate

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16
Q

What are castings?

A

expelled solid waste materials from an earthworms, benefical to plants because they furtilize the soil

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17
Q

What are the nephridia?

A

the coiled tubes that filter liquid waste from the blood and coelom of an earthworm

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18
Q

What is cerebral ganglia?

A

in the head region of a clitellate worm process sensory impulses and coordinate movement, ansd viseral ganglia located beneath the pharynx control the functions of the worms different systems

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19
Q

How do clitellates reproduce asexually?

A

in a process called regenaration in which the last two posterior segments develop, break off, and grow into an adult worm

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20
Q

What are leeches?

A

parasitic clitellates that attach themselves to the skin of an animal or a human and such their blood

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21
Q

What are polychaetes?

A

segmented marine worms

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22
Q

What are parapodia?

A

numerous paddlelike appendages, which are covered with setae and give the worms a bristlelike appearance

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23
Q

What do many polychaetes use parapodia for?

A

for creeping, swimming, or digging, but sessile polychaetes use appendages like flagella to stir up the water and draw in food

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24
Q

What do parapodia act as or contain?

A

they act like gills to extract oxygen from the water, and some parapodia contain sensory receptors

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25
What is a typical planarian?
a flatworm with a broad, flat body, a triangular head region, a tapered tail, two eyespots, and two auricles with receptors
26
What is a pharynx?
tubelike, through the mouth to suck up its prey and grind up the food before it passes it into the gastrovascular cavity to be digested
27
What are athropods?
the general category of cold-blooded invertebrates with jointed appendages; includes arachnids, crustaceans, myriapods, and insects
28
What are crustaceans?
crabs, lobsters, and crayfish; hard-shelled arthropods
29
What are myriapods?
arthropods with many legs, such as centipedes and millipedes
30
What are insects?
flies, bees, ants, and beetles; six-legged arthropods
31
Each arthropod has a/an?
exoskeleton containing chitin, a segmented body, pairs of jointed appendages, and an open circulatory system
32
What is chitin?
secreted by the arthropod skin, hardens into a tough, lightweight, waterproof body armor
33
What are the 2 major body segments of arachnids and some crustaceans?
the cephalothorax and the abdomen
34
What are the three major body segments of insects and some crustaceans?
the head(anterior segment), the thorax(middle segment), and the abdomen(posterior segment)
35
What are the two types of jointed appendages?
jointed walking legs and jointed mouthparts
36
Most arthropods have at least?
one pair of jointed sensory organ, or antennae, on their heads
37
What are swimmerets?
specialized appendages used by crustaceans for swimming
38
How do arthropods bend and extend their joints?
they utilize a combination of muscle action and hydraulic pressure
39
What is a carapace?
on the dorsal side of an arachnids cephalothorax, covered with a hard, waterproof cuticle
40
What are a spider's hollow legs filled with?
hemolymph, a fluid from its body cavity
41
What are chelicerae?
a spider's pair of mouthparts, which are short appendages equipped with long, sharp, hollow fangs
42
What are pedipalps?
a spider's longer pair of mouthparts, which serve as feelers, hold prey, and transfer gametes from a male spider to a female
43
What are sensory hairs?
covers much of a spider's body that can detect even the slightest change in air pressure caused by a moving object or nearby animal
44
What happens when a spider injects its prey with venom?
it also injects digestive enzymes that liquefy the internal organs of the prey
45
Nutrients pass into the digestive ceca...?
which extend from the stomach into each of the spider's legs to provide the leg muscles with nutrients
46
The circulatory system of all arachnids contains?
hemolymph instead of blood
47
Through openings called?
ostia; hemolymph flows back back into the arachnid's heart
48
Web silk can be used?
for transportation, to line nests, to make cocoons for eggs, to immobilize prey, as a food source, or as an aerial net to capture prey
49
What is the largest group of arthropods?
insects
50
Each insect has a pair of?
long, jointed antennae that function as sensory organs
51
What does each insect have?
ocelli and compound eyes
52
What are ocelli?
two or three simple eyes
53
What are compound eyes?
thousand of hexagonal lenses that fit together like a honeycomb to form the insect compound eyes
54
What are mandibles?
what a grasshopper uses to cut, tear, and chew food
55
What is a pair of maxillae?
direct food toward a grasshoppers mouth
56
What are a grasshopper's forewings and hindwings?
forewings; straight, narrow wings used for stability, and its wider hind wings unfold and flap for lift and propulsion
57
What are tympanic membranes?
thin, round organs located on both sides of the abdomen of most insects, are used for the sense of hearing
58
What are spiracles?
tiny holes located along both sides of an insect abdomen; are used for respiration
59
In an insect's open circulatory system?
the hemolymph cannot become oxygenated because it does not contain hemocyanin to transfer oxygen
60
What are tracheal tubes?
branch throughout the insect's body to carry oxygen to each cell
61
An insect's simple nervous system consists of?
a simple brain, a ventral nerve cord, branching nerves, and sensory organs
62
What are an insect's five types of sensory organs?
antennae, sensory palps, eyes, sensory hairs, and tympanic membranes
63
What is the foregut?
the first section of an insect's digestive system and consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, and proventriculus
64
What is the insect's proventriculus?
a muscular digestive organ lined with teeth made of chitin
65
What is the midgut?
the second section where the stomach and gastric ceca are of an insect's digestive system
66
Where is chemical digestion completed?
the stomach
67
What is the hindgut?
the third section of an insect's digestive system and includes the intestine, rectum, and anus
68
What are Malpighian tubules?
filter liquid waste from an insect's hemolymph
69
What is the ovipositor?
extends from the posterior segment of the abdomen of most female insects used to deposit eggs
70
What are the four stages of complete insect metamorphosis?
egg, larva, pupa, and adult
71
What are the three stages of incomplete insect metamorphosis?
egg, nymph, and adult
72
What is a cocoon?
what a moth larva spins; soft; during the pupal stage
73
What is a butterfly in its larval and pupal stage?
larval; caterpillar and pupal; chrysalis
74
What do insect wings consist of?
thin membranes stiffened by a network of veins and are extremely light and strong

Science; Biology (6 decks)

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