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Science; Biology > Invertebrates; 1101 > Flashcards

Invertebrates; 1101 Flashcards

Questions

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1
Q

Worms are?

A

cold-blooded, invertebrates with long, slender, soft bodies

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2
Q

Worms have no?

A

skeletons or legs

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3
Q

Worms bodies exhibit?

A

bilateral symmetry

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4
Q

What are the three general categories that all worms can be grouped in?

A

segmented worms, flatworms, and roundworms

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5
Q

What is a septum?

A

a thin wall of transverse epithelial tissue in a segmented worm, that divides each segment from the next segment

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6
Q

What is the coelom?

A

the hollow body cavity of a segmented worm that lies between the body wall and digestive tract

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7
Q

What is the cuticle?

A

the outer layer of the body wall of a segmented worm, a thin, waterproof layer of collagen that covers and protects the epidermis

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8
Q

How is a segmented worm able to crawl and swim?

A

by contracting and relaxing its circular and longitudinal musles

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9
Q

Where is the earthworm’s mouth?

A

in the first first segment at the anterior end of the worm

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10
Q

Where is the earthworm’s anus?

A

in the last segment at the posterior end of the worm

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11
Q

What is a clitellate?

A

a type of segmented worm that has a thickened glandular region called the clitellum, which aids in the reproductive process

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12
Q

What is the clitellum?

A

a thickened glandular region, which aids in the reproductive process

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13
Q

What are setae?

A

microscopic, hairlike brisles that stick out from the body segments and help the clitellate move through its burrow

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14
Q

What are aortic arches?

A

the five pairs of muscle-lined blood vessels that pump blood through a clitellates closed circulary system

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15
Q

What happens in the earthworms esophagus?

A

the acid in humas that could damage the delicate lining of the earthworms digestive tract is nutralized when food mixes with calcium carbonate

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16
Q

What are castings?

A

expelled solid waste materials from an earthworms, benefical to plants because they furtilize the soil

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17
Q

What are the nephridia?

A

the coiled tubes that filter liquid waste from the blood and coelom of an earthworm

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18
Q

What is cerebral ganglia?

A

in the head region of a clitellate worm process sensory impulses and coordinate movement, ansd viseral ganglia located beneath the pharynx control the functions of the worms different systems

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19
Q

How do clitellates reproduce asexually?

A

in a process called regenaration in which the last two posterior segments develop, break off, and grow into an adult worm

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20
Q

What are leeches?

A

parasitic clitellates that attach themselves to the skin of an animal or a human and such their blood

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21
Q

What are polychaetes?

A

segmented marine worms

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22
Q

What are parapodia?

A

numerous paddlelike appendages, which are covered with setae and give the worms a bristlelike appearance

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23
Q

What do many polychaetes use parapodia for?

A

for creeping, swimming, or digging, but sessile polychaetes use appendages like flagella to stir up the water and draw in food

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24
Q

What do parapodia act as or contain?

A

they act like gills to extract oxygen from the water, and some parapodia contain sensory receptors

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25
Q

What is a typical planarian?

A

a flatworm with a broad, flat body, a triangular head region, a tapered tail, two eyespots, and two auricles with receptors

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26
Q

What is a pharynx?

A

tubelike, through the mouth to suck up its prey and grind up the food before it passes it into the gastrovascular cavity to be digested

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27
Q

What are athropods?

A

the general category of cold-blooded invertebrates with jointed appendages; includes arachnids, crustaceans, myriapods, and insects

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28
Q

What are crustaceans?

A

crabs, lobsters, and crayfish; hard-shelled arthropods

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29
Q

What are myriapods?

A

arthropods with many legs, such as centipedes and millipedes

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30
Q

What are insects?

A

flies, bees, ants, and beetles; six-legged arthropods

31
Q

Each arthropod has a/an?

A

exoskeleton containing chitin, a segmented body, pairs of jointed appendages, and an open circulatory system

32
Q

What is chitin?

A

secreted by the arthropod skin, hardens into a tough, lightweight, waterproof body armor

33
Q

What are the 2 major body segments of arachnids and some crustaceans?

A

the cephalothorax and the abdomen

34
Q

What are the three major body segments of insects and some crustaceans?

A

the head(anterior segment), the thorax(middle segment), and the abdomen(posterior segment)

35
Q

What are the two types of jointed appendages?

A

jointed walking legs and jointed mouthparts

36
Q

Most arthropods have at least?

A

one pair of jointed sensory organ, or antennae, on their heads

37
Q

What are swimmerets?

A

specialized appendages used by crustaceans for swimming

38
Q

How do arthropods bend and extend their joints?

A

they utilize a combination of muscle action and hydraulic pressure

39
Q

What is a carapace?

A

on the dorsal side of an arachnids cephalothorax, covered with a hard, waterproof cuticle

40
Q

What are a spider’s hollow legs filled with?

A

hemolymph, a fluid from its body cavity

41
Q

What are chelicerae?

A

a spider’s pair of mouthparts, which are short appendages equipped with long, sharp, hollow fangs

42
Q

What are pedipalps?

A

a spider’s longer pair of mouthparts, which serve as feelers, hold prey, and transfer gametes from a male spider to a female

43
Q

What are sensory hairs?

A

covers much of a spider’s body that can detect even the slightest change in air pressure caused by a moving object or nearby animal

44
Q

What happens when a spider injects its prey with venom?

A

it also injects digestive enzymes that liquefy the internal organs of the prey

45
Q

Nutrients pass into the digestive ceca…?

A

which extend from the stomach into each of the spider’s legs to provide the leg muscles with nutrients

46
Q

The circulatory system of all arachnids contains?

A

hemolymph instead of blood

47
Q

Through openings called?

A

ostia; hemolymph flows back back into the arachnid’s heart

48
Q

Web silk can be used?

A

for transportation, to line nests, to make cocoons for eggs, to immobilize prey, as a food source, or as an aerial net to capture prey

49
Q

What is the largest group of arthropods?

A

insects

50
Q

Each insect has a pair of?

A

long, jointed antennae that function as sensory organs

51
Q

What does each insect have?

A

ocelli and compound eyes

52
Q

What are ocelli?

A

two or three simple eyes

53
Q

What are compound eyes?

A

thousand of hexagonal lenses that fit together like a honeycomb to form the insect compound eyes

54
Q

What are mandibles?

A

what a grasshopper uses to cut, tear, and chew food

55
Q

What is a pair of maxillae?

A

direct food toward a grasshoppers mouth

56
Q

What are a grasshopper’s forewings and hindwings?

A

forewings; straight, narrow wings used for stability, and its wider hind wings unfold and flap for lift and propulsion

57
Q

What are tympanic membranes?

A

thin, round organs located on both sides of the abdomen of most insects, are used for the sense of hearing

58
Q

What are spiracles?

A

tiny holes located along both sides of an insect abdomen; are used for respiration

59
Q

In an insect’s open circulatory system?

A

the hemolymph cannot become oxygenated because it does not contain hemocyanin to transfer oxygen

60
Q

What are tracheal tubes?

A

branch throughout the insect’s body to carry oxygen to each cell

61
Q

An insect’s simple nervous system consists of?

A

a simple brain, a ventral nerve cord, branching nerves, and sensory organs

62
Q

What are an insect’s five types of sensory organs?

A

antennae, sensory palps, eyes, sensory hairs, and tympanic membranes

63
Q

What is the foregut?

A

the first section of an insect’s digestive system and consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, and proventriculus

64
Q

What is the insect’s proventriculus?

A

a muscular digestive organ lined with teeth made of chitin

65
Q

What is the midgut?

A

the second section where the stomach and gastric ceca are of an insect’s digestive system

66
Q

Where is chemical digestion completed?

A

the stomach

67
Q

What is the hindgut?

A

the third section of an insect’s digestive system and includes the intestine, rectum, and anus

68
Q

What are Malpighian tubules?

A

filter liquid waste from an insect’s hemolymph

69
Q

What is the ovipositor?

A

extends from the posterior segment of the abdomen of most female insects used to deposit eggs

70
Q

What are the four stages of complete insect metamorphosis?

A

egg, larva, pupa, and adult

71
Q

What are the three stages of incomplete insect metamorphosis?

A

egg, nymph, and adult

72
Q

What is a cocoon?

A

what a moth larva spins; soft; during the pupal stage

73
Q

What is a butterfly in its larval and pupal stage?

A

larval; caterpillar and pupal; chrysalis

74
Q

What do insect wings consist of?

A

thin membranes stiffened by a network of veins and are extremely light and strong

Science; Biology (6 decks)

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