Invertebrates; 1100

Question 1

Invertebrates are animals without what?

Answer 1

backbones

Question 2

What do simple invertebrates lack?

Answer 2

digestive, respiratory, and nervous systems

Question 3

What has greatly reduced the once vast sponge fields?

Answer 3

sea pollution, sponge-killing diseases, and over-harvesting

Question 4

What are sponges when they don’t move and attach themselves to rocks and other objects on the ocean floor?

Answer 4

sessile

Question 5

What sponge is the most common and have skeletons made of spongin?

Answer 5

Demosponges

Question 6

What are the only class of cells in sponges?

Answer 6

Epithelial cells

Question 7

What cells differentiate into other cells specialized for specific functions?

Answer 7

Epithelial cells

Question 8

What cells line the central cavity of a sponge and trap and digest food particles?

Answer 8

Collar cells

Question 9

What fibers make up a sponge’s skeleton?

Answer 9

spicules

Question 10

What 2 reproductive cells during sexual reproduction unite to produce a new offspring?

Answer 10

gametes

Question 11

What single-cell organism is produced when a sperm fertilizes an ovum?

Answer 11

a zygote

Question 12

What’s it called when sponges and most cnidarians are able to produce both male and female gametes?

Answer 12

hermaphroditic

Question 13

Since sponges do not possess reproductive organs what can transform into sperm?

Answer 13

amoebocytes

Question 14

Since sponges do not posses reproductive organs what can transform into ova?

Answer 14

collar cells

Question 15

What reproduction does not involve male and female gametes?

Answer 15

Asexual reproduction

Question 16

What are two methods of asexual reproduction used by sponges?

Answer 16

budding and regeneration

Question 17

What is a hydra?

Answer 17

a cnidarian

Question 18

How does a hydra have the ability to move?

Answer 18

by turning somersaults

Question 19

What is a polyp?

Answer 19

a hollow, tube-shaped stalk with a mouth at its top that is surrounded by tentacles

Question 20

What is a polyps mouth surrounded by?

Answer 20

tentacles

Question 21

How do cnidarian polyps reproduce sexualy?

Answer 21

by producing male and female gametes in specialized epithelial cells in the ectoderm

Question 22

How do cnidarian polyps reproduce asexually?

Answer 22

by budding and regeneration

Question 23

What happens when a coral polyp buds?

Answer 23

the offspring remains attached to the parent through a series of canals that connect their gastrovascular cavities

Question 24

What do new coral polyps attach to?

Answer 24

the dead skeletons of older polyps

Question 25

What does the life cycle of a common jellyfish involve?

Answer 25

a sessile polyp stage and a free-swimming medusa stage

Question 26

What is a Portuguese -man-of-war?

Answer 26

a colony of interconnected, specialized polyps that preform special task

Question 27

What is the shell made of?

Answer 27

hard minerals mixed with fibers of protein

Question 28

What is the purpose of the shell?

Answer 28

to protect the delicate skin and internal organs

Question 29

Where is the gill located in an aquatic snail?

Answer 29

just beneath the mantle in the anterior portion is a chamber called the mantle cavity

Question 30

What is a snail's main source of locomotion?

Answer 30

its foot

Question 31

What is a snails foot like?

Answer 31

it is flat, broad, and muscular and contains numerous mucus glands

Question 32

How do most aquatic snails get oxygen?

Answer 32

oxygen from the water passes through the tiny membrane of the gill and enter tiny blood vessels

Question 33

What kind of circulatory system does a snail have?

Answer 33

an open circulatory system

Question 34

What happens in the snail's open circulatory system?

Answer 34

blood leaves the heart and flows through the arteries, but it does not flow directly back to the heart

Question 35

Where is oxygenated blood pumped from?

Answer 35

oxygenated blood is pumped from the ventricle of the snail's heart into the dorsal aorta

Question 36

Where does oxygenated blood go from the dorsal aorta?

Answer 36

it supplies blood to the visceral mass

Question 37

Where does oxygenated blood go from the visceral mass?

Answer 37

into the ventral aorta

Question 38

Where does oxygenated blood go from the ventral aorta?

Answer 38

it then supplies blood to the snail's head and foot

Question 39

Where does deoxygenated blood flow from?

Answer 39

the upper cavity

Question 40

Where does the deoxygenated blood go from the upper cavity?

Answer 40

into the kidney where it is filtered

Question 41

Where does the deoxygenated blood go from the kidney?

Answer 41

into the lower cavity

Question 42

Where does the deoxygenated blood go from the lower cavity?

Answer 42

through a vein into the gill where it becomes oxygenated

Question 43

Where does the now oxygenated blood go from the gill?

Answer 43

it flows back to the atrium of the snail's heart

Question 44

What are the tentacles on a snail's head covered with?

Answer 44

receptors that detect chemicals, pressure changes, or light

Question 45

What are clams, oysters, scallops, mussels, and shipworms?

Answer 45

bivalves which are mollusks with two hinged shells

Question 46

How are the two shells of a bivalve joined?

Answer 46

along one edge by a hinge made of a strong, flexible ligament

Question 47

What are hinge teeth?

Answer 47

a row of denticles that keep the two valves aligned so they can close securely

Question 48

What is nacre?

Answer 48

the flat crystals that the inner layer of some bivalve shells are made of, sometimes called mother-of-pearl

Question 49

What does a clam use its foot for?

Answer 49

digging not crawling

Question 50

What does the incurrent siphon do?

Answer 50

draws water into the bivalve's mantle cavity

Question 51

What does the excurrent siphon do?

Answer 51

pumps water and waste material out

Question 52

What do the bivalve's gills do?

Answer 52

exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide and collect plankton for the mollusk to eat

Question 53

What takes place in the stomach?

Answer 53

mechanical and chemical digestion

Question 54

What type of circulatory system does the bivalve have?

Answer 54

open

Question 55

What type of heart does a bivalve have?

Answer 55

a three-chambered heart and more blood vessels then a gastropod

Question 56

What does the bivalves kidney do?

Answer 56

filters out liquid waste out of the blood

Question 57

What does a bivalves nervous system consist of?

Answer 57

two pairs of cords, three pairs of ganglia, and sensory receptors lining the mantle cavity

Question 58

What are ways cephalopods can move?

Answer 58

by walking, swimming, or it can use jet propulsion

Question 59

How can a cephalopod use jet propulsion to move?

Answer 59

by rapidly forcing water out through its siphon

Question 60

What kind of circulatory system do cephalopods have?

Answer 60

closed circulatory systems

Question 61

Why does a cephalopod have a closed circulatory system?

Answer 61

because they have higher metabolisms than other mollusks

Question 62

What color is a cephalopod's blood when oxygenated?

Answer 62

blue

Question 63

What color is a cephalopod's blood when deoxygenated?

Answer 63

clear

Question 64

Why is a cephalopod's blood clear when deoxygenated?

Answer 64

because of the protein hemocyanin

Question 65

How many hearts do cephalopods have?

Answer 65

3

Question 66

What type of hearts do cephalopods have?

Answer 66

a systemic and 2 gill hearts

Question 67

What does a cephalopods systemic heart do?

Answer 67

pumps oxygenated blood to the aorta

Question 68

What does a cephalopod's gill hearts do?

Answer 68

pumps deoxygenated blood through the gills

Question 69

What happens in the cephalopods digestive system?

Answer 69

food passes from the mouth through the esophagus into the crop, where chemical digestion takes place

Question 70

Where does nutrients pass?

Answer 70

into surrounding blood vessels through the walls of cecum

Question 71

What does a cephalopods nervous system include?

Answer 71

ganglia throughout its body and a brain with specialized areas for senses, memory, and learning