Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science; Biology > Invertebrates; 1100 > Flashcards

Invertebrates; 1100 Flashcards

Questions

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Invertebrates are animals without what?

A

backbones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do simple invertebrates lack?

A

digestive, respiratory, and nervous systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What has greatly reduced the once vast sponge fields?

A

sea pollution, sponge-killing diseases, and over-harvesting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are sponges when they don’t move and attach themselves to rocks and other objects on the ocean floor?

A

sessile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What sponge is the most common and have skeletons made of spongin?

A

Demosponges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the only class of cells in sponges?

A

Epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What cells differentiate into other cells specialized for specific functions?

A

Epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What cells line the central cavity of a sponge and trap and digest food particles?

A

Collar cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What fibers make up a sponge’s skeleton?

A

spicules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What 2 reproductive cells during sexual reproduction unite to produce a new offspring?

A

gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What single-cell organism is produced when a sperm fertilizes an ovum?

A

a zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What’s it called when sponges and most cnidarians are able to produce both male and female gametes?

A

hermaphroditic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Since sponges do not possess reproductive organs what can transform into sperm?

A

amoebocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Since sponges do not posses reproductive organs what can transform into ova?

A

collar cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What reproduction does not involve male and female gametes?

A

Asexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are two methods of asexual reproduction used by sponges?

A

budding and regeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a hydra?

A

a cnidarian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does a hydra have the ability to move?

A

by turning somersaults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a polyp?

A

a hollow, tube-shaped stalk with a mouth at its top that is surrounded by tentacles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a polyps mouth surrounded by?

A

tentacles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do cnidarian polyps reproduce sexualy?

A

by producing male and female gametes in specialized epithelial cells in the ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do cnidarian polyps reproduce asexually?

A

by budding and regeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens when a coral polyp buds?

A

the offspring remains attached to the parent through a series of canals that connect their gastrovascular cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do new coral polyps attach to?

A

the dead skeletons of older polyps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does the life cycle of a common jellyfish involve?

A

a sessile polyp stage and a free-swimming medusa stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a Portuguese -man-of-war?

A

a colony of interconnected, specialized polyps that preform special task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the shell made of?

A

hard minerals mixed with fibers of protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the purpose of the shell?

A

to protect the delicate skin and internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Where is the gill located in an aquatic snail?

A

just beneath the mantle in the anterior portion is a chamber called the mantle cavity

30
Q

What is a snail’s main source of locomotion?

A

its foot

31
Q

What is a snails foot like?

A

it is flat, broad, and muscular and contains numerous mucus glands

32
Q

How do most aquatic snails get oxygen?

A

oxygen from the water passes through the tiny membrane of the gill and enter tiny blood vessels

33
Q

What kind of circulatory system does a snail have?

A

an open circulatory system

34
Q

What happens in the snail’s open circulatory system?

A

blood leaves the heart and flows through the arteries, but it does not flow directly back to the heart

35
Q

Where is oxygenated blood pumped from?

A

oxygenated blood is pumped from the ventricle of the snail’s heart into the dorsal aorta

36
Q

Where does oxygenated blood go from the dorsal aorta?

A

it supplies blood to the visceral mass

37
Q

Where does oxygenated blood go from the visceral mass?

A

into the ventral aorta

38
Q

Where does oxygenated blood go from the ventral aorta?

A

it then supplies blood to the snail’s head and foot

39
Q

Where does deoxygenated blood flow from?

A

the upper cavity

40
Q

Where does the deoxygenated blood go from the upper cavity?

A

into the kidney where it is filtered

41
Q

Where does the deoxygenated blood go from the kidney?

A

into the lower cavity

42
Q

Where does the deoxygenated blood go from the lower cavity?

A

through a vein into the gill where it becomes oxygenated

43
Q

Where does the now oxygenated blood go from the gill?

A

it flows back to the atrium of the snail’s heart

44
Q

What are the tentacles on a snail’s head covered with?

A

receptors that detect chemicals, pressure changes, or light

45
Q

What are clams, oysters, scallops, mussels, and shipworms?

A

bivalves which are mollusks with two hinged shells

46
Q

How are the two shells of a bivalve joined?

A

along one edge by a hinge made of a strong, flexible ligament

47
Q

What are hinge teeth?

A

a row of denticles that keep the two valves aligned so they can close securely

48
Q

What is nacre?

A

the flat crystals that the inner layer of some bivalve shells are made of, sometimes called mother-of-pearl

49
Q

What does a clam use its foot for?

A

digging not crawling

50
Q

What does the incurrent siphon do?

A

draws water into the bivalve’s mantle cavity

51
Q

What does the excurrent siphon do?

A

pumps water and waste material out

52
Q

What do the bivalve’s gills do?

A

exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide and collect plankton for the mollusk to eat

53
Q

What takes place in the stomach?

A

mechanical and chemical digestion

54
Q

What type of circulatory system does the bivalve have?

A

open

55
Q

What type of heart does a bivalve have?

A

a three-chambered heart and more blood vessels then a gastropod

56
Q

What does the bivalves kidney do?

A

filters out liquid waste out of the blood

57
Q

What does a bivalves nervous system consist of?

A

two pairs of cords, three pairs of ganglia, and sensory receptors lining the mantle cavity

58
Q

What are ways cephalopods can move?

A

by walking, swimming, or it can use jet propulsion

59
Q

How can a cephalopod use jet propulsion to move?

A

by rapidly forcing water out through its siphon

60
Q

What kind of circulatory system do cephalopods have?

A

closed circulatory systems

61
Q

Why does a cephalopod have a closed circulatory system?

A

because they have higher metabolisms than other mollusks

62
Q

What color is a cephalopod’s blood when oxygenated?

A

blue

63
Q

What color is a cephalopod’s blood when deoxygenated?

A

clear

64
Q

Why is a cephalopod’s blood clear when deoxygenated?

A

because of the protein hemocyanin

65
Q

How many hearts do cephalopods have?

A

3

66
Q

What type of hearts do cephalopods have?

A

a systemic and 2 gill hearts

67
Q

What does a cephalopods systemic heart do?

A

pumps oxygenated blood to the aorta

68
Q

What does a cephalopod’s gill hearts do?

A

pumps deoxygenated blood through the gills

69
Q

What happens in the cephalopods digestive system?

A

food passes from the mouth through the esophagus into the crop, where chemical digestion takes place

70
Q

Where does nutrients pass?

A

into surrounding blood vessels through the walls of cecum

71
Q

What does a cephalopods nervous system include?

A

ganglia throughout its body and a brain with specialized areas for senses, memory, and learning

72
Q
A

Science; Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions