Inventory Flashcards
Which costs are inventoriable?
Purchases - net of discounts
Freight - FOB Shipping point costs go to buyer; FOB Destination costs charged to seller
Warehouse expenditures
When does ownership of goods transfer when shipped FOB Shipping Point?
FOB Shipping Point puts the inventory into the hands of the buyer from the loading dock
Buyer pays for shipping
Freight in added to inv cost
When does ownership transfer when goods are sent FOB Destination?
FOB Destination keeps the items in the seller’s inventory until it reaches the buyer
Seller pays
Freight out = selling exp
Which costs are non-inventoriable?
Sales Commissions
Interest on liabilities to vendors
Shipping expense to customers
When are discounts recorded under the gross method?
Under the gross method; discounts are recorded only when used.
Under the net method; when are discounts recorded?
Under the net method; discounts are recorded whether used or not.
Unused discounts are allocated to financing expense.
How is gross margin calculated?
Gross Margin = Sales – COGS (BI + P – EI)
Describe the periodic inventory system.
Inventory is counted at certain times throughout the period
Weighted-average cost flow method is used.
Describe the perpetual inventory system.
Inventory count continually updated
Uses a moving-average cost flow method
In periods of rising prices; under which cost flow system would ending inventory be the same under both periodic and perpetual inventory methods?
Under the FIFO system; periodic and perpetual inventory methods will both have the same ending inventory.
How is inventory turnover calculated?
COGS / Average Inventory
How is Average Day’s Sales in inventory calculated?
365 / Inventory Turnover
Under a consignment system; who holds the consigned goods in inventory?
The CONSIGNOR holds the consigned items in their inventory count. The cost includes the shipping to the consignee.
Under a consignment system; does the consignee hold consignment inventory in their own inventory?
No. Consignment goods are maintained in the inventory of the consignor; not the consignee.
What effect does overstatement or understatement of inventory have on ending retained earnings?
Misstatement of beginning inventory does NOT have an effect on ending retained earnings.
Misstatement of ENDING inventory does have an effect on retained earnings.
How does misstatement of ending inventory effect Ending Retained Earnings?
EI Over = COGS Under = ERE Over
EI Under = COGS Over = ERE Under
Which costs are included in COGS first under the FIFO (first in first out) system?
The first (oldest) inventory you have in stock is the first inventory you record for COGS purposes. If your oldest inventory on the shelf cost you $1 when you bought it; COGS is $1
This is just for inventory pricing. It has nothing to do with physically selling the oldest item on the shelf - It is purely for accounting purposes
Which costs are included in COGS under the LIFO (last in first out) system?
The last (newest) inventory you have in stock is the first inventory you record for COGS purposes. If your newest inventory on the shelf cost you $1.50 when you bought it; COGS is $1.50
How is Weighted Average Cost Per Unit calculated under a weighted average inventory system?
COGAS / Total Units = Weighted Average Cost Per Unit
How does FIFO’s COGS relate to LIFO’s in a time of changing prices?
FIFO’s relationship to COGS will be opposite LIFO’s relationship to COGS in periods of falling/rising prices.
How do FIFO and LIFO change in a period of rising prices?
FIFO has the Lowest COGS
FIFO is a cat that sees a mouse…starts Low and is Rising
If COGS is Low; that means EI & NI is High
How do FIFO and LIFO change in a period of falling prices?
FIFO has the Highest COGS
Remember: FIFO; that silly cat; got High from Catnip and is Falling off the couch
If COGS is High; that means EI & NI is Low
Under a Lower of Cost or Market; how are the benchmarks calculated?
Market Ceiling = Net Realizable Value = Selling Price - Selling Costs
Market = Replacement Cost
Market Floor = Net Realizable Value - Normal Profit
Valuation of inv
GR: GAAP = cost ( sell at profit)
GAAP = LCM (sell at loss)
= NRV (precious metals & farm products)
LCM rule
Under GAAP, market = current replacement cost provided that current replacement cost doesn’t exceed NRV (ceiling) or below NRV-PM (floor)
IFRS: lower of cost or NRV
NRV = mkt
Cost
LCM calculation
Lower of:
1. Original cost
2. Market
Choose middle of:
NRV (SP-disposal cost)
Replacement cost
NRV - PM
Periodic inv system - COGS
BI \+ purchases = COGAFS (EI = physical count) = COGS
Cost of equip
Office equip, machinery, furniture, fixtures, & factory equip
Include: Invoice price (cash disc & other disc) \+ freight in \+ installation charges (testing & prep) \+ sales & fed excise tax \+ possible add of construction pd int
** these are capitalized
Cost of land
** everything up to digging the hole (this is bldg cost)
Incl: Purchase price Broker's commissions Title & recording fees Legal fees Draining of swamps Clearing brush & trees Site dvlpmt (grading) Existing obligation assumed by buyer (mortgage, back taxes) Costs of razing & old bldg (Proceeds from sale of existing bldgs, standing timber, etc)
Land improvements
* depreciate Incl: Fences Water systems Sidewalks Paving Landscaping Lighting
Cost of bldg
** after excavation Incl: Purchase price Repair charges neglected by prev owner Alterations & improvements Architect'a fees Possible addition of construction pd int
Values for LCM
Market = middle
Replacement cost = given
Market ceiling = NRV
Market floor = NRV - PM
How to calculate DDB dep
(1/useful life*2) * BV
the dep % remains constant
It is essentially the SL % *2
How to calculate SYD dep
(Cost-SV) * (Remaining useful life/SYD)
**dont ignore SV (that’s for DDB)
Moving average
Beg inv \+ purch ---------- Moving avg bal (Sale) (Units * (moving avg $ total/total units) ---------- Moving avg bal
LIFO layers
1. Index
Inv @ current cost/inv @ base cost
2. Layer
Index * layer @ base (current-base)
3. Inventory
Inv value + base layer
