Inventory

Question 2

Which costs are inventoriable?

Answer 2

Purchases - net of discounts

Freight - FOB Shipping point costs go to buyer; FOB Destination costs charged to seller

Warehouse expenditures

Question 3

When does ownership of goods transfer when shipped FOB Shipping Point?

Answer 3

FOB Shipping Point puts the inventory into the hands of the buyer from the loading dock

Buyer pays for shipping
Freight in added to inv cost

Question 4

When does ownership transfer when goods are sent FOB Destination?

Answer 4

FOB Destination keeps the items in the seller’s inventory until it reaches the buyer

Seller pays
Freight out = selling exp

Question 5

Which costs are non-inventoriable?

Answer 5

Sales Commissions

Interest on liabilities to vendors

Shipping expense to customers

Question 6

When are discounts recorded under the gross method?

Answer 6

Under the gross method; discounts are recorded only when used.

Question 7

Under the net method; when are discounts recorded?

Answer 7

Under the net method; discounts are recorded whether used or not.

Unused discounts are allocated to financing expense.

Question 8

How is gross margin calculated?

Answer 8

Gross Margin = Sales – COGS (BI + P – EI)

Question 9

Describe the periodic inventory system.

Answer 9

Inventory is counted at certain times throughout the period

Weighted-average cost flow method is used.

Question 10

Describe the perpetual inventory system.

Answer 10

Inventory count continually updated

Uses a moving-average cost flow method

Question 11

In periods of rising prices; under which cost flow system would ending inventory be the same under both periodic and perpetual inventory methods?

Answer 11

Under the FIFO system; periodic and perpetual inventory methods will both have the same ending inventory.

Question 12

How is inventory turnover calculated?

Answer 12

COGS / Average Inventory

Question 13

How is Average Day’s Sales in inventory calculated?

Answer 13

365 / Inventory Turnover

Question 14

Under a consignment system; who holds the consigned goods in inventory?

Answer 14

The CONSIGNOR holds the consigned items in their inventory count. The cost includes the shipping to the consignee.

Question 15

Under a consignment system; does the consignee hold consignment inventory in their own inventory?

Answer 15

No. Consignment goods are maintained in the inventory of the consignor; not the consignee.

Question 16

What effect does overstatement or understatement of inventory have on ending retained earnings?

Answer 16

Misstatement of beginning inventory does NOT have an effect on ending retained earnings.

Misstatement of ENDING inventory does have an effect on retained earnings.

Question 17

How does misstatement of ending inventory effect Ending Retained Earnings?

Answer 17

EI Over = COGS Under = ERE Over

EI Under = COGS Over = ERE Under

Question 18

Which costs are included in COGS first under the FIFO (first in first out) system?

Answer 18

The first (oldest) inventory you have in stock is the first inventory you record for COGS purposes. If your oldest inventory on the shelf cost you $1 when you bought it; COGS is $1

This is just for inventory pricing. It has nothing to do with physically selling the oldest item on the shelf - It is purely for accounting purposes

Question 19

Which costs are included in COGS under the LIFO (last in first out) system?

Answer 19

The last (newest) inventory you have in stock is the first inventory you record for COGS purposes. If your newest inventory on the shelf cost you $1.50 when you bought it; COGS is $1.50

Question 20

How is Weighted Average Cost Per Unit calculated under a weighted average inventory system?

Answer 20

COGAS / Total Units = Weighted Average Cost Per Unit

Question 21

How does FIFO’s COGS relate to LIFO’s in a time of changing prices?

Answer 21

FIFO’s relationship to COGS will be opposite LIFO’s relationship to COGS in periods of falling/rising prices.

Question 22

How do FIFO and LIFO change in a period of rising prices?

Answer 22

FIFO has the Lowest COGS

FIFO is a cat that sees a mouse…starts Low and is Rising

If COGS is Low; that means EI & NI is High

Question 23

How do FIFO and LIFO change in a period of falling prices?

Answer 23

FIFO has the Highest COGS

Remember: FIFO; that silly cat; got High from Catnip and is Falling off the couch

If COGS is High; that means EI & NI is Low

Question 24

Under a Lower of Cost or Market; how are the benchmarks calculated?

Answer 24

Market Ceiling = Net Realizable Value = Selling Price - Selling Costs

Market = Replacement Cost

Market Floor = Net Realizable Value - Normal Profit

Question 25

Valuation of inv

Answer 25

GR: GAAP = cost ( sell at profit)
GAAP = LCM (sell at loss)
= NRV (precious metals & farm products)

Question 26

LCM rule

Answer 26

Under GAAP, market = current replacement cost provided that current replacement cost doesn’t exceed NRV (ceiling) or below NRV-PM (floor)

IFRS: lower of cost or NRV
NRV = mkt
Cost

Question 27

LCM calculation

Answer 27

Lower of:
1. Original cost

   2. Market
         Choose middle of:
             NRV (SP-disposal cost)
             Replacement cost
             NRV - PM

Question 28

Periodic inv system - COGS

Answer 28

BI
\+ purchases
= COGAFS
(EI = physical count)
= COGS

Question 29

Cost of equip

Office equip, machinery, furniture, fixtures, & factory equip

Answer 29

Include:
Invoice price
(cash disc & other disc)
\+ freight in
\+ installation charges (testing & prep)
\+ sales & fed excise tax
\+ possible add of construction pd int

** these are capitalized

Question 30

Cost of land

Answer 30

** everything up to digging the hole (this is bldg cost)

Incl:
Purchase price
Broker's commissions
Title & recording fees
Legal fees
Draining of swamps
Clearing brush & trees
Site dvlpmt (grading)
Existing obligation assumed by buyer (mortgage, back taxes)
Costs of razing & old bldg
(Proceeds from sale of existing bldgs, standing timber, etc)

Question 31

Land improvements

Answer 31

* depreciate
Incl:
Fences
Water systems
Sidewalks
Paving
Landscaping
Lighting

Question 32

Cost of bldg

Answer 32

** after excavation
Incl:
Purchase price
Repair charges neglected by prev owner
Alterations & improvements
Architect'a fees
Possible addition of construction pd int

Question 33

Values for LCM

Answer 33

Market = middle
Replacement cost = given
Market ceiling = NRV
Market floor = NRV - PM

Question 34

How to calculate DDB dep

Answer 34

(1/useful life*2) * BV

the dep % remains constant
It is essentially the SL % *2

Question 35

How to calculate SYD dep

Answer 35

(Cost-SV) * (Remaining useful life/SYD)

**dont ignore SV (that’s for DDB)

Question 36

Moving average

Answer 36

Beg inv
\+ purch 
----------
Moving avg bal
(Sale)     (Units * (moving avg $ total/total units)
----------
Moving avg bal

Question 37

LIFO layers

Answer 37

1. Index
    Inv @ current cost/inv @ base cost
2. Layer
    Index * layer @ base (current-base)
3. Inventory
    Inv value + base layer