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EM > Inventions & space > Flashcards

Inventions & space Flashcards

1
Q

James Watt invented…

A

Condenser to allow steam engines to use less fuel

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2
Q

Richard Trevithick invented…

A

High pressure steam engines, smaller and more powerful. First steam locomotive with wheels, and later locomotive ‘catch-me-who-can’

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3
Q

Henry Bessemer invented..

A

Converter, to produce large quantities of steel cheaply

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4
Q

Industry in Northampton

A

Shoes

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5
Q

Industry in Derby

A

Silk

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6
Q

Industry in Nottingham

A

Lace

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7
Q

Richard Roberts invented…

A

Precision machine tools, e.g. lathes

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8
Q

Joseph Whitworth invented..

A

Way of measuring accurate to one millionth of an inch, and standard pattern for making screws

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9
Q

James Nasmyth invented…

A

Steam hammer

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10
Q

Soda was used for…

A

Washing textiles, making glass and paper

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11
Q

Nationwide timezone was created to…

A

…enable railways to have regular timetables for people travelling long distances

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12
Q

George Stephenson invented…

A

First steam train in 1825. With son Robert, won 1829 locomotive competition (Rainhill Trials) with Rocket, and opened railway line Liverpool to Manchester in 1830

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13
Q

Isambard Kingdom Brunel designed…

A

Steam ships (Great Western, Great Britain), bridges, railways

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14
Q

George Jennings invented…

A

Flushing toilet

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15
Q

Joseph Swan invented…

A

The lightbulb in 1878 (Warren de la Rue had demonstrated principles 49 years earlier). Thomas Edison’s design came later but was improved.

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16
Q

Claude Chappe invented…

A

Telegraph in 1790

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17
Q

Samuel Morse invented..

A

Electric telegraph, using morse code (most successful system of several developed wound that time)

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18
Q

Louis Daguerre invented…

A

Photography in 1839

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19
Q

William Dickson invented…

A

Kinetoscope, 20sec movie, with Yhomas Edison based on work by Eadweard Muybridge

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20
Q

Emile Berliner invented…

A

Way to record sound on flat discs

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21
Q

Henry Maxim invented..

A

Machine gun

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22
Q

Guglielmo Marconi invented..

A

Radio in 1894

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23
Q

Wheel was invented…

A

3500BC in mesopotsmia. Spoked wheel invented 2000BC in egypt

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24
Q

Astrolabe used to…

A

Measure latitude

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25
Q

Modern sail called…

A

Bermuda sail

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25
Q

Modern sail called…

A

Bermuda sail

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25
Q

Modern sail called…

A

Bermuda sail

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26
Q

Modern sail called…

A

Bermuda sail

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27
Q

Thomas Newcomen invented…

A

Atmospheric engine (first practical fuel burning engine)

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28
Q

SS Sirius

A

Foets ship to cross Atlantic under continuous steam power

29
Q

Nigel Gresley built..

A

Flying Scotsman, first train over 100mph, and Mallard, fastest steam train of record

30
Q

Montgolfier brothers invented…

A

Hot air balloon

31
Q

Otto Lilienthal…

A

Made world’s first controlled flight on hang glider

32
Q

Statoscope measures…

A

Altitude, by measuring atmospheric pressure

33
Q

Etienne Lenoir invented..

A

Internal combustion engine 1860

34
Q

Nikolaus Otto and Gottleib Daimler invented…

A

Four stroke internal combustion engine running on petrol, basis of modern engines

Daimler co-invented first motorbike

35
Q

Orvil and Wilbur Wright invented…

A

First petrol-powered flying machine, Flyer-1 in 1903. Original bicycle makers.

Seguin brothers improved design and built rotary engine

36
Q

Karl Benz invented…

A

First practical motor car

37
Q

Hindenburg was the…

A

Largest flying machine very built. Zeppelin, caught fire in sky in 1937.

38
Q

Charles Lindbergh…

A

Flew solo across Atlantic in 1927

39
Q

Amy Johnson…

A

Flew England to Australia in 1930

40
Q

Hans von Ohain and (separately) Frank Whittle invented…

A

Jet engine

41
Q

Robert Goddard invented..

A

First liquid fuel rocket

42
Q

Blue flame was..

A

Rocket powered car that set land speed record

43
Q

Eagle was…

A

Lunar module in apollo 11, landed on sea of tranquility with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin (Michael Collins remained in command module)

44
Q

Werner von Braun invented..

A

V2 rocket, and later Juni rocket used ti launch early US satellites

45
Q

Aerobee was…

A

Step rocket (2 stage rockets) used to study upper atnosphere

46
Q

First man in space

A

Yuri Gagarin, 1961

47
Q

First woman in space

A

Valentina Tereshkova, 1963

48
Q

First spacewalk

A

Alexei Leonov, 1965. American Ed White 3 months later

49
Q

NASA missions to send humans to space called…

A

Project Mercury

50
Q

First US astronaut

A

Alan Shepard

51
Q

First US man to orbit earth

A

John Glenn in Friendship 7

52
Q

First probe on moon

A

Luna 2 (USSR) 1959

53
Q

NASA programme to prepare for moon landing

54
Q

Apollo 11 rocket to moon

55
Q

Probes to Mars

A

Mariner
Mars
Viking

56
Q

Probes to Mercury

A

Mariner 10
Messenger
BepiColombo, named after Giuseppe Colombo who invented gravitational slingshot

57
Q

Only planets to spin anticlockwise

A

Venus and Uranus

58
Q

Probes to Venus

A

Mariner 2
Venera
Magellan
Venus Express

59
Q

New Horizons probe explored…

A

Pluto and Ultima Thule

60
Q

Probes into deep space

61
Q

Probes to Jupiter

A 
Pioneer (on way to Saturn)
Voyager (on way to deep space)
Ulysses (sun-probe)
Cassini (on way to Saturn)
New Horizons (on way to deep space)

Galileo (first probe to orbit planet)
Juno (travelled over poles)

62
Q

Space stations

A

Salyut 1971 - astronauts died
Skylab 1973 - reentered over outback 1979
Mir 1986-9 - first to be assembled in space

63
Q

Space shuttle disasters

A

Challenger 1986

Colombia 2003

64
Q

What is Oort cloud

A

Cloud of comets orbiting Sun, 1000 times distance of pluto

65
Q

Unit of distance to stars in astronomy

66
Q

What do capacitors do

A

Store energy that can be released very quickly (unlike batteries)

67
Q

Mercury - position, size, atmosphere, day, temp, moons

A

Slightly larger than moon
Nearest to Sun
Day is about 59 earth days
Temps between -180 and 430 degrees
May have icy water in areas of permanent shadow in deep craters at poles
No atmosphere- thin exosphere of oxygen, sodium, hydrogen, helium and potassium

68
Q

Venus - position, size, atmosphere, day, temp, moons

A

Second planet from Sun
Hottest planet
Thick carbon dioxide atmosphere with closes of sulfuric acid
Air pressure on surface 90 times that of earth
Rotates in opposite direction to earth
Day is 243 earth days - longer than year

69
Q

Mars - position, size, atmosphere, day, temp, moons

A

Half size of earth
Similar day to earth
2 moons - phobos and deimos (named for horses pulling Aries chariot)
Has largest volcano in solar system- Olympus Mons
Thin atmosphere of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and argon

70
Q

Jupiter - position, size, atmosphere, day, temp, moons

A

Twice as big as all other planets combined
Hydrogen and helium atmosphere with clouds of ammonia and water
10 hour day
More than 75 moons
Great red spot is storm twice the size of worth, over 100 years old

71
Q

Saturn - position, size, atmosphere, day, temp, moons

A

Atmosphere hydrogen and helium
At least 53 moons including Enceladus (jets of water), Titan (methane lakes), Phoebe (cratered)
11 hour day
Average density less than water

72
Q

Uranus - position, size, atmosphere, day, temp, moon

A

Discovered by William Herschem 1781, observations by Johann Elert Bode who named it.
Ice giant
13 rings, 27 moons names for Shakespeare and Alexander pope characters
Rotates on its side
Core is dense fluid of water, methane, ammonia
Atmosphere is hydrogen and helium with small amount methane (gives blue colour)

EM (10 decks)

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