Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MARI202: long Answers: > Invasive Species: > Flashcards

Invasive Species: Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary transport mechanism for marine invertebrate invasive species?

A

The shipping vector: hull fouling and ballast waters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How much water is transported globally in one year?

A

An estimated 10 billion tonnes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name four other vectors that aid in the transport of invasive marine species:

A
  1. Aquarium trade and released pets
  2. Shipping canals and waterways
  3. Research
    Intentional:
  4. Aquaculture
  5. Research
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does euryoecious mean in the context of invasive species?

A

Able to tolerate a large range of temps and salinities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List five life history characteristics of successful invasive species:

A
  1. Rapid growth
  2. Small size
  3. Short time to reproductive maturity
  4. High fecundity
  5. Dispersed larvae - long duration if being transported in ballast waters
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the invasional meltdown process?

A

When one invasive species alters the environment, making it more favourable for other invaders to colonise the same area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are four examples of invasive marine invertebrate species?

A
  1. Styela clava = clubbed foot tunicate
  2. Mytilus galloprovincialis = med mussel
  3. Mnemiopsis leidyi = comb jelly
  4. Asterias amunrensis = star fish
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the native and invasive ranges of Styela clava?

A

Native: North east Asia
Invasive: NZ, Aus, East and west coast Nth America, west Europe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What temperature and salinity ranges can Styela clava tolerate?

A

Temps: 2-23’C
Salinity: 20-30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the native and invasive range of Mytilus galloprovincialis?

A

Native: Mediterranean Sea
Invasive: Africa, North America, NZ, Australia, Japan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What makes Mnemiopsis leidyi a successful invader?

A

Wide range of temperatures: -0.7 to 32’C
Wide range of salinities: 3.4 to 70 ppt
Hermaphroditic reproduction, lack of natural predators in new environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is unique about Asterias aumensis’ larval stage?

A

It has a 120-day larva stage, making dispersal via ballast waters extremely favourable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do Asterias amurensis impact invaded ecosystems?

A

They often outcompete native shellfish species, leading to economic loss and ecosystem collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the hypotheses for invasive species success?

A

Competitive advantage
Escape from natural controls e.g., predators, pests, disease
Hybrid vigour = hybridisation with native species that can have increased fitness
Genetic purging
Invasional meltdown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does genetic purging contribute to invasive species success?

A

The process of invasion may eliminate deliterious alleles from the population, increasing overall fitness of the invasive species in the new environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do r-selected life history traits contribute to invasive species success?

A

Many successful invaders exhibits r-selected traits such as rapid growth, high reproductive potential, and competitive advantage, allowing them to quickly establish and spread in new environments

17
Q

What characteristics make Styela clava a successful invader?

A
  1. Rapid growth
  2. High population densities
  3. Wide temperature tolerance
  4. Wide salinity tolerance
  5. Ability to outcompete native species for food and space
18
Q

What traits contribute to Mytilus galloprovincialis being a succesful invasive species?

A
  1. Tolerance to temp and salinities
  2. Fast growth
  3. High reproductive output
  4. Multiple spawning events per year
  5. Dispersal of larvae via ballast waters and adults fouling on ship hulls
19
Q

What features make Mnemiopsis leidyi pervasive marine invader?

A
  1. Extreme temperature tolerance (-0.7 to 32’C)
  2. Salinity tolerance (3.4 to 70 ppt)
  3. Hermaphroditic reproduction
  4. Lack of natural predators in new environments
  5. Rapid population growth
20
Q

What characteristics allow Asterias amurensis to be a successful invasive species?

A
  1. Long larval stage (120 days) = ballast water dispersal
  2. High population density
  3. Ability to outcompete native species
  4. High fecundity
21
Q

What is the native and invasive range of Asterias amurensis?

A

Native: North East Asia and Russia
Invasive: South Australia, Alaska, Maine, Aleutian Islands, Europe

22
Q

What is the native and invasive range of Mnemiopsis leidyi?

A

Native: East Coast of Nth and Sth America
Invasive : Europe, Northern Australia, India, Antarctica

MARI202: long Answers: (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions