Feeding: Flashcards
What are five different feeding modes in Marine Invertebrates?
- Suspension feeding
- Direct deposit feeding
- Indirect deposit feeding
- Herbivory/grazing
- Carnivore
What are the two main features of the ocean that influence feeding modes?
Density: high density in the water column allows food particles to float n the medium
Light-extinction coefficient: high in the water, meaning that organisms are often afraid removed from the site of primary productivity
What are the main features of suspension feeding?
- Most common feeding mode
- Exploits high density of ocean medium
- Captures: phytoplankton, zooplankton, bacteria, detritus
- Process: water movement, particle capture, sorting, transport to mouth, ingestion + digestion
- Found in many taxa across various life cycle stages
- Types: passive (ambient water) and activate (currents)
What are the five types of suspension feeding mechanisms?
True filter feeding: sponges
Setose-filter feeding: Crustaceans
Upstream ciliary feeding: Bryozoans
Mucous traps: Pelagic Appendicularians
Tube-feet suspension feeding: Brittle stars and crinoids
What food do deposit feeders target?
Microalgae, POM, bacteria, detritus
What is direct deposit feeding?
Non-selective deposit feeding where the organism consumes a large amount of sot sediment
- extracts nutrients -> excretes clean sand (bioturbation)
What is an example of a direct deposit feeder?
Holothuroideans (sea cucumbers)
What is selective deposit feeding?
Use specialised structures to sort particles from the sediment surface
- Target sediment with high living organic matter content
What is an example of a selective deposit feeder?
Terebellid worms
What is an example of a selective deposit feeder?
Terebellid worms
What is herbivory/grazing?
The consumption of kelp and microalgae through scarping, tearing, and chewing
What are the two types of herbivory?
Macroherbivory and micro Herbivory
What is carnivory?
The consumption of other animals, usually by a predator species
What is an example of a carnivore?
Cephalopods: powerful beaks and radula for tearing flesh
How do marine invertebrate carnivores detect prey?
Chemosensory
