INTS Content Flashcards
What are the 2 principal communication systems?
Nervous and Endocrine
Where is the chemical messenger in the endocrine system released?
The chemical messenger (i.e. the hormone) is released into the bloodstream.
Where is the chemical messenger in the nervous system released?
The chemical messenger (i.e. the neurotransmitter) is released at a synapse.
Which cells does the endocrine system act upon?
The signal can act on many cells throughout the body.
Which cells does the neural system act upon?
The signal will act only upon those cells innervated by the neuron.
Which system (nervous or endocrine) lasts longer?
Endocrine
What is the major function of endocrine cells?
Hormone production
What organelle is abundant in all endocrine cells?
Mitochondria
What organelle is abundant in all protein hormone-secreting endocrine cells?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Secretory granules
What is true of the blood supply around the endocrine cells?
Rich blood supply
Where are secretory granules positioned?
In a cell adjacent to a nearby capillary
What do neurosecretory cells do?
They are neurons which release hormones into capillaries and produce hypothalamic hormones
What are the 3 types of hormone?
Amino-acid derived
Protein/peptide
Steroid
What are steroid hormones synthesised from?
Cholesterol in the mitochondria
What are properties of steroid hormones?
Hydrophobic
Not typically stored in within cells, produced when needed
What are protein/ peptide hormones derived from?
Amino acids within the cell going through ribosomal process and excreted via vesicles the same as other proteins
What are properties of peptide hormones?
Hydrophilic
What are properties of amino acid derived hormones?
Vary greatly
What are amino acid derived hormones derived from?
Amino acids :)
Which type of protein can enter the cell?
Steroid (hydrophobic)
Some amino acid
Where is the hypothalamus?
Found at the base of the brain, below the thalamus
What does the hypothalamus regulate?
HR
Body temp
Metabolic rate
Food intake
Where does the hypothalamus recieve inputs from?
Brain regions such as the brainstem
What does the hypothalamus signal?
Other brain regions
Autocrine nervous system
Pituitary gland
