INTS Content

Question 1

What are the 2 principal communication systems?

Answer 1

Nervous and Endocrine

Question 2

Where is the chemical messenger in the endocrine system released?

Answer 2

The chemical messenger (i.e. the hormone) is released into the bloodstream.

Question 3

Where is the chemical messenger in the nervous system released?

Answer 3

The chemical messenger (i.e. the neurotransmitter) is released at a synapse.

Question 4

Which cells does the endocrine system act upon?

Answer 4

The signal can act on many cells throughout the body.

Question 5

Which cells does the neural system act upon?

Answer 5

The signal will act only upon those cells innervated by the neuron.

Question 6

Which system (nervous or endocrine) lasts longer?

Answer 6

Endocrine

Question 7

What is the major function of endocrine cells?

Answer 7

Hormone production

Question 8

What organelle is abundant in all endocrine cells?

Answer 8

Mitochondria

Question 9

What organelle is abundant in all protein hormone-secreting endocrine cells?

Answer 9

Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Secretory granules

Question 10

What is true of the blood supply around the endocrine cells?

Answer 10

Rich blood supply

Question 11

Where are secretory granules positioned?

Answer 11

In a cell adjacent to a nearby capillary

Question 12

What do neurosecretory cells do?

Answer 12

They are neurons which release hormones into capillaries and produce hypothalamic hormones

Question 13

What are the 3 types of hormone?

Answer 13

Amino-acid derived
Protein/peptide
Steroid

Question 14

What are steroid hormones synthesised from?

Answer 14

Cholesterol in the mitochondria

Question 15

What are properties of steroid hormones?

Answer 15

Hydrophobic
Not typically stored in within cells, produced when needed

Question 16

What are protein/ peptide hormones derived from?

Answer 16

Amino acids within the cell going through ribosomal process and excreted via vesicles the same as other proteins

Question 17

What are properties of peptide hormones?

Answer 17

Hydrophilic

Question 18

What are properties of amino acid derived hormones?

Answer 18

Vary greatly

Question 19

What are amino acid derived hormones derived from?

Answer 19

Amino acids :)

Question 20

Which type of protein can enter the cell?

Answer 20

Steroid (hydrophobic)
Some amino acid

Question 21

Where is the hypothalamus?

Answer 21

Found at the base of the brain, below the thalamus

Question 22

What does the hypothalamus regulate?

Answer 22

HR
Body temp
Metabolic rate
Food intake

Question 23

Where does the hypothalamus recieve inputs from?

Answer 23

Brain regions such as the brainstem

Question 24

What does the hypothalamus signal?

Answer 24

Other brain regions
Autocrine nervous system
Pituitary gland

Question 25

What is the hypothalamus composed of?

Answer 25

Individual nuclei and less well-defined subregions which are integrated but regulate different physiological function

Question 26

Where is the pituitary

Answer 26

Under the hypothalamus

Question 27

What is the hypothalamus composed of?

Answer 27

Anterior, intermediate and posterior lobes

Question 28

What is the other name for the pituitary?

Answer 28

Hypophysis

Question 29

What are the developmental origins of the anterior lobe?

Answer 29

Develops from the oral ectoderm, the primary early embryo germ layer