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Functional Neuroanatomy > Introduction (W1) > Flashcards

Introduction (W1) Flashcards

1
Q

Name the different planes of the body

A
  • transverse
  • sagittal
  • coronal
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2
Q

Name the different positions relating to the long axis of the body

A
  • superior
  • inferior
  • anterior
  • posterior
  • medial
  • lateral
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3
Q

Name the different positions relating to long axis of the CNS

A
  • rostral (towards head)
  • caudal (towards tail)
  • dorsal (towards back)
  • ventral (towards belly)
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4
Q

What are the function of the nervous system

A
  1. Gather sensory information from external and internal
  2. Integrate information for assessment and meaning (somatosensory)
  3. Effect a motor response
  4. Regulate body homeostasis for optimal performance
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5
Q

Explain the organisation of the nervous system

A

CNS - brain and spinal cord
PNS - all the neurons in the body
- divided into motor and sensory neurons
- motor divides into somatic (voluntary control) and autonomic (involuntary control + regualtion)
- autonomic = parasympathetic, sympathetic and enteric (gut digestion)

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6
Q

What is the order of processes when reacting to a stimulus

A

PNS - reception of information
CNS - integration, analysis and response
PNS - transmission of response

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7
Q

What is ganglia

A

collection of neuronal cell body found outside the CNS
- sensory and autonomic ganglia

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8
Q

How dies the adult brain develop

A

neural tubes form vesicles in development which give rise to adult structures

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9
Q

Why does the neural tube have a central cavity

A

contains vesicles which are filled with cerebrospinal fluid

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10
Q

What are the primary vesicles of the brain

A
  1. Prosencephalon (forebrain)
  2. Mesencephalon (midbrain)
  3. Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
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11
Q

What do the primary vesicles develop into

A
  1. Prosencephalon (forebrain) - Telencephalon & Diencephalon
  2. Mesencephalon (midbrain) - stay same
  3. Rhombencephalon (hindbrain) - Metencephalon & Myelencephlon
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12
Q

What structures as in the Telencephalon and Diencephalon

A

Tel - Cerebral hemispheres & basal ganglia
Die - Thalamus & hypothalamus

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13
Q

What structures are in the Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain

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14
Q

What structures are in the Metencephalon and Myelencephaon

A

Met - Pons & Cerebellum
Mye - Medulla

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15
Q

What is a gyrus

A

a ridge of the unfolded cerebral cortex , valley between ridges is called sulcus

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16
Q

What is the functions of the:
- Motor
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital lobe

A

Motor
- motor planning , personality and judgment
Parietal
- spatial awareness & somatosensory
Temporal
- auditory & balance
Occipital
- visual processing , facial recognition

17
Q

Where are Broca’s and Wernicke ares loacted and what do they do

A

Broca’s
- back of Frontal lobe (left hemisphere)
- speech production

Wernicke
- Temporal lobe (left hemisphere)
- language understanding

18
Q

What is Brodmann’s area

A

52 distinct regions all different regions and different functions

19
Q

What is the caudate

A
  • internal structure of the brain
  • C -shaped lies deep inside brain near the thalamus
20
Q

What is the function of the;
- thalamus
- hypothalamus

A
  1. relay and processing site for information
  2. main regulator for autonomic and endocrine function, homeostasis and reproductive functions
21
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum

A

Regulation of somatic motor outputs from other brain and spinal cord centres

22
Q

Name the components of the cytoskeleton

A

Microtubules - tubulins
Microfilaments - actin
Intermediate filaments

23
Q

What are glial cells

A

provide structural , metabolic and defensive support for nervous tissue

24
Q

What glial cells are found in the CNS

A
  • Astrocytes
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Ependymal cells
  • Microglia
  • Stem cell
25
Q

What glial cells are found in the PNS

A
  • Satellite cells
  • Schwann cell
26
Q

What is the function of astrocytes

A
  • maintain the environment
  • insulate neuronal cell bodies and dendrites at non-synaptic sites
  • metabolic energy generation in nuerons
27
Q

What is the function of oligodendrocytes

A
  • insulate axons preventing their spontaneous or accidental depolarisation
  • produce myelin by wrapping around axon mutiple times
28
Q

What is the function of ependymal cells

A
  • line ventricles of brain and spinal cord
29
Q

What is the function of microglia

A
  • defensive cells
  • perform functions of the macrophages
30
Q

What is the function of satellite cells

A
  • similar to astrocytes
31
Q
A

Functional Neuroanatomy (5 decks)

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