Introduction to Urology Flashcards
What 5 things will be on your genitourinary history?
- abdomen/flank
- suprapubic
- perineal/scrotal
- voiding
- sexual
What 5 things do we examine in the abdomen/flank?
- pain
- nausea/vomiting
- distention
- prior surgeries
- duration of symptoms
What 4 things do we examine in the suprapubic region?
- pain
- fullness
- distention
- length of symptoms
What 4 things do we examine in the perineal/scrotal region?
- pain
- swelling
- length of sympthoms
- laterality
What 4 things do we examine with voiding?
- irritative symptoms (dysuria, urgency, frequency).
- obstructive symptoms (hesitancy, intermittency, weak stream, incomplete emptying).
- hematuria (gross vs microscopic, initial vs. terminal, clots vs. no clots, prior surgery, stones, trauma, anticoagulants, prior malignancies).
- urinary incontinence (urge, stress, overflow, mixed, function)
What things do we examine in male sexual function?
- erectile dysfunction (ED)
- premature ejaculation
- anejaculation/retrograde ejaculation
- curvature
- pain
- hematospermia
- medications/alcohol/drugs
- medical problems
What things do we examine in female sexual function?
- dyspareunia
- cystocele “dropped bladder”
- pre/post menopausal
- prior surgeries
- medications
What should you feel for in the abdominal/flank area?
- masses: liver, spleen and kidney
- tenderness
- rigidity
- hernias: inguinal right vs. left or ventral.
What should you examine in the anus and perineum?
- fissures
- edema
- hemorrhoids
- sphincter tone
- warts
For what should we examine in the testes?
- tenderness
- symmetry
- hydrocele
- mass
- hernias
For what should examine in the epididymis?
- enlarged
- indurated
- tender
- mass
- spermatocele
For what should we examine the penis?
- circumcised
- phimosis
- paraphimosis
- peyronies
- warts
What is phimosis?
- the foreskin cannot be fully retracted over the glans penis.
What is paraphimosis?
- urologic emergency in which the retracted foreskin of an uncircumcised male cannot be returned to its normal anatomic position.
What is peyronie’s disease?
- development of fibrous scar tissue inside the penis that causes curved, painful erections.
What should we examine with regard to the urethral meatus?
- size
- location
- hypospadius
- lesion
- discharge
How do we grade (size) the prostate?
- median sulcus
- median sulcus
- moderate growth of sulcus
- large growth of sulcus
For what should we examine on the prostate?
- texture: firm, hard, boggy
- nodules: size, location, symmetry
Should you ever examine the prostate if the pt has a fever, chills, and bacteria, RBCs, and WBCs in the urine?
- NO, bc the patient likely has prostatitis and you can cause sepsis.
Should you examine the prostate after severe pelvic trauma with blood at the tip of the penis (urethral meatus)?
- YES, bc the urethra may have torn.
* may also do RETROGRADE URETHROGRAM
What should we look for on the female external genitalia?
- rash
- warts
- lesions
What should we look for at the female urethral meatus?
- size
- caruncle
- tenderness
What are the 3 grade of a female cystocele? (he said just know that when a pt’s bladder drops, it’s called a cystocele)
- grade 1= no real evidence of prolapse
- grade 2= partial prolapse of ant. vagina
- grade 3= complete vaginal prolapse
What else besides cystocele should you examine in the female vagina?
- discharge
- foreign bodies
- distended bladder
- further gyn exam if necessary
