Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RGU 3 > Diseases/Malformation of Female Urethra and Bladder > Flashcards

Diseases/Malformation of Female Urethra and Bladder Flashcards

1
Q

On what does urinary continence depend?

A
  • the integrity of the lower urinary tract and also the presence of adequate mentation, mobility, motivation, and manual dexterity.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Are men or women more affected by urinary incontinence?

A
  • WOMEN

* usually elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the types of bladder control problems?

A
  • stress incontinence
  • urinary retention
  • overactive bladder (urge incontinence and urgency-frequency)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is incontinence?

A
  • loss of voluntary control over your urinary functions.
  • may consist of the loss of a few drops of urine while coughing or laughing, or urine loss with a sudden urge to urinate.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does urinary incontinence predispose one to?

A
  • perineal rashes
  • pressure ulcers
  • urinary tract infections
  • urosepsis
  • falls and fractures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

*** What is urinary STRESS INCONTINENCE?

A
  • the involuntary loss of urine through an intact urethra, which is caused by an increase in intra-abdominal pressure and is of sufficient quantity to be socially embarrassing.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the signs of STRESS incontinence?

A
  • leak urine when laughing, coughing, lifting, exercising, or increasing abdominal pressure in any other way.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

From what must you differentiate STRESS incontinence?

A
  • urge
  • neurogenic causes
  • ectopic ureteral orifice
  • senile urethritis
  • urethral diverticulum
  • cystitis, urethritis
  • bladder neoplasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What percentage of stress urinary incontinence patients are multiparous and in the peri-menopausal age group?

A
  • 80%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

*** How do we diagnose urinary incontinence?

A
  • thorough history and physical examination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 5 types of urinary incontinence?

A
  • URGE= strong, sudden need to urinate. Loss of urine occurs following this sensation and desire to void.
  • STRESS= involuntary loss of urine.
  • MIXED
  • TRANSIENT= comes and goes
  • OVERFLOW= leaks due to overfilled bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Can URGE incontinence be cured by surgery?

A

NO!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Can STRESS incontinence be cured by surgery?

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Do 1/3 of patients with surgically curable stress urinary incontinence have urgency on initial presentation?

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What must we do on physical exam to diagnose the type of urinary incontinence?

A
  • abdominal rectal and pelvic exam
  • post-void residual
  • cystometrogram
  • Marshall or Q tip test
  • Cystoscopy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What will we look for on bimanual pelvic and rectal exam?

A
  • cystocele
  • rectocele
  • enterocele
  • S2-4 dermatomes of the perineum
17
Q

What may significant post-void residual volume indicate?

A
  • neurogenic bladder dysfunction or possible cystocele.
18
Q

What can you evaluate with a cystometrogram?

A
  • bladder’s storage and emptying capacity
  • differentiate stress from urge
  • rule out neurogenic dysfunction (detrussor hyperreflexia, overactive bladder, atonic bladder, or sphincter-detrussor dysynergia).
19
Q

What is the normal bladder capacity?

A
  • 500 cc’s

* first sensation is felt at 200 cc’s and second around 350 cc’s.

20
Q

What is the Marshall test?

A
  • have patient cough in the lithotomy and erect positions.

- positive= loss of urine in either or both positions.

21
Q

Must we visualize the loss of urine with coughing in order to diagnose urinary incontinence?

A

YES

22
Q

What is cystoscopy?

A
  • evaluation of bladder mucosa and the ureteric orifices to rule out pathology (neoplasm, diverticulum, or calculi).
23
Q

How do you treat URGE incontinence?

A
  • treat underlying condition (ex. weight).
  • anticholinergics (oxybutnin, tolteridine).
  • behavior modification
  • electrical stimulation
  • botox
24
Q

What surgeries are used for STRESS incontinence?

A

purpose is to elevate the bladder neck to a position behind the symphysis pubis:

  • transvaginal
  • retropubic
  • combination of above
  • pubovaginal sling
  • artificial sphincter
25
Q

What factors make STRESS urinary incontinence worse?

A
  • obesity
  • chronic pulmonary problems
  • recurrent UTIs
  • with correction of these, stress UI may be successfully treated in mild cases.
26
Q

How do we treat STRESS urinary incontinence?

A
  • correct factors that contribute
  • Kegal exercises
  • Pharmacologic therapy
  • minimally invasive procedures
  • surgery
27
Q

What are Pessaries?

A
  • small object used to elevate the urethrovesical angle, but not always aesthetically pleasing.
28
Q

What medications are used for STRESS incontinence?

A
  • anticholinergics
  • sympathomimetic agents
  • tricyclic antidepressants
  • duloxetine (blocks serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake).
29
Q

What is a minimally invasive procedure for incontinence?

A
  • peri-urethral bulking agents (collagen, durasphere).
30
Q

What is pelvic organ prolapse?

A
  • when the vaginal wall becomes too weak to hold the bladder, uterus, vaginal wall, or rectum in place.
31
Q

*** What is a cystocele?

A
  • weakening of the vaginal wall, allowing the BLADDER to protrude into the vagina.
32
Q

*** What is a rectocele?

A
  • the back of the vaginal wall weakens, which allows the RECTUM to protrude into the vagina.
33
Q

*** What is an enterocele?

A
  • when the SMALL INTESTINE drops and protrudes through the vagina.
34
Q

*** What is a vaginal vault?

A
  • the top of the vaginal wall loses its support and drops into the vagina.
35
Q

*** What is uterine prolapse?

A
  • uterus slips out of its normal position and drops into the vagina.
36
Q

What are some signs of pelvic organ prolapse?

A
  • heaviness or pressure on the pelvis.
  • vaginal pain, pressure or bleeding
  • a bulge protruding from the vagina
  • pain during intercourse
  • urinary or fecal incontinence
  • slow urinary stream or urinary urgency
37
Q

What is InterStim therapy?

A
  • FDA-approved stimulation system implanted under the skin, which uses electrical stimulation of the sacral nerves for urinary control in people who have not had success with or could not tolerate more conventional treatments.
  • is reversible at any time.

RGU 3 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions