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Biochem > INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF BIOCHEMISTRY > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF BIOCHEMISTRY Flashcards

1
Q
  • sometimes called biological chemistry
  • study of the components and composition of living things and how they come together to become life.
  • It is the study of chemical processes that give rise to the complexity of life
  • It is also related to molecular biology that concerns genetic information encoded in DNA as well as understanding the structures, functions, and interactions of biological macromolecules
A

Biochemistry

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2
Q

defined as a branch of science exploring the chemical processes within and related to living organisms

A

Biochemistry

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3
Q

As a laboratory science, it biochemistry brings together biology and chemistry that uses chemical knowledge and techniques to understand and solve biological problems.

A

biochemistry

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4
Q
  • focuses on processes happening at a molecular level to understand how the structure of a molecule relates to its function and to predict how molecules will interact.
  • It focuses on what is happening inside the cells, studying components like proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and organelles.
  • It also looks at how cells communicate with each other especially during growth or fighting illness.
A

Biochemistry

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5
Q

complex interrelated chemical changes within the cell

A

metabolism.

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6
Q

the processes of growth, reproduction, and heredity are intimately related to

A

intermediary metabolism

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7
Q
  • includes the study of the chemical substances and processes that occurs in plants, animals, and microorganisms as well as the changes they undergo during development and life.
  • It deals with a chemistry of life where it draws on the techniques of analytic, organic, physical chemistry as well as physiology concerning the molecular basis of vital processes.
A

Biochemistry

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8
Q

describes all these chemical changes within the organisms, the degradation, building up of complex molecules, and gaining energy necessary for life processes.

A

Metabolism

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9
Q

are organic catalysts that act on these chemical changes wherein their existence depends on the genetic apparatus of the cell.

A

Enzymes

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10
Q

involves a study of the molecules that make up all living things which are inherently interesting and help us better understand how organisms operate and therefore covers wide application

A

Biochemistry

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11
Q

can help us figure out how microorganisms operate and figure out ways to kill them. It also allows us to understand the different effects that medication would have on our body so that the harmful effects of drugs can be known mitigated

A

biochemistry In medicine

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12
Q

can help you to develop pesticides that kill weeds and insects without causing excessive damage to the crops.

A

biochemistry in agriculture

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13
Q

Biochemistry makes significant contributions to the fields of cell biology, physiology, immunology, microbiology, pharmacology, and toxicology, as well as the fields of inflammation, cell injury, and cancer.

A

Biomedical Importance of biochemistry

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14
Q

the most abundant molecule in cells, accounting for 70% or more of total cell mass.

A

Water

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15
Q

a polar molecule with the hydrogen atoms having a slight positive charge and the oxygen with a slight negative charge.

A

Water

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16
Q

This polarity enables water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with each other or with other polar molecules, as well as interacting with positively or negatively charged ions. As a result of these interactions, ions and polar molecules are _________ in water or __________

A

readily soluble, hydrophilic

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17
Q
  • cannot interact with water, are poorly soluble in an aqueous environment (hydrophobic).
  • tend to minimize their contact with water by associating closely with each other instead.
A

nonpolar molecules

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18
Q

roles in living organisms of water

A

solvent, temperature buffer, metabolite, and living environment

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19
Q

It acts as a solvent for many chemical reactions and also helps transport dissolved compounds into and out of cells

It is a metabolite in many chemical reactions like photosynthesis, digestion, and aerobic respiration.

A

water

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20
Q

The science concerned with the chemical basis of life
The science concerned with the chemical constituents of living cells and with the reactions and processes they undergo
The chemistry of life

A

Biochemistry

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21
Q

the study of chemical reactions in living tissue

the study of the structure, composition, and chemical reactions of substances in living systems.

A

Biochemistry

22
Q

are like locksmiths trying to unlock life’s secrets

A

Biochemists

23
Q

structural chemistry of the components of living matter and the relationship of biological function to chemical structure

A

Cell biology

24
Q

Metabolism, the totality of chemical reactions that occur in living matter

A

Molecular biology

25
Q

The chemistry of process and substances that store and transmit biological information

A

Molecular genetics

26
Q

Other Fields of Sciences related to biochemistry

A

Physiology
Pathology
Genetics
Botany
Zoology
Nutrition
Agriculture
Environmental science
molecular biology
Immunochemistry
Neurochemistry
bioinorganic
Bioorganic
biophysical chemistry
pharmacology
Microbiology
toxicology, and
clinical chemistry

27
Q

Importance of Biochemistry

A

-to understand life in molecular terms.
-It seeks to describe the structure, organization, and functions of living matter in molecular terms.
-essential to all life sciences
-basis for HEALTH and DISEASES
-applied to medicine, dentistry, and veterinary medicine.

28
Q
  • investigate the mechanism of a drug action
  • engage in viral research
  • conduct research pertaining to organ function
  • use chemical concepts, procedures, and techniques to study the diagnosis and therapy of disease and the assessment of health.
A

pharmacology, physiology, microbiology, and clinical chemistry

29
Q
  • biochemists research ways to develop abundant and inexpensive sources of nutritious foods
  • determine the chemical composition of foods
  • develop methods to extract nutrients from waste products
  • invent ways to prolong the shelf life of food products.
A

Food Science -Nutrition

30
Q
  • biochemists study the interaction of herbicides with plants
  • examine the structure-activity relationships of compounds
  • determine their ability to inhibit growth
  • evaluate the toxicological effects on surrounding life.
A

Agriculture

31
Q
  • deals with toxic metabolites in the body.
  • Rogene Henderson, senior scientist and supervisor of the Biochemical Toxicology Group at Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute
  • does research to understand ways in which organic compounds in the body are changed by enzymes into toxic metabolites
A

Toxicology

32
Q

Major Causes of Diseases

A

Physical agents
Chemical agents
Biologic agents
Oxygen lack
Genetic disorders
Immunologic reactions
Nutritional imbalances
Endocrine imbalances

33
Q

Mechanical trauma, extremes of temperature, sudden changes in atmospheric pressure, radiation, electric shock

A

Physical agents

34
Q

including drugs: Certain toxic compounds, therapeutic drugs, etc.

A

Chemical agents

35
Q

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, higher forms of parasites.

A

Biologic agents

36
Q

Loss of blood supply, depletion of the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, poisoning of the oxidative enzymes.

A

Oxygen lack

37
Q

Congenital, molecular.

A

Genetic disorders

38
Q

Anaphylaxis, autoimmune disease

A

Anaphylaxis, autoimmune disease

39
Q

Deficiencies, excesses

A

Nutritional imbalances

40
Q

Hormonal deficiencies, excesses.

A

Endocrine imbalances

41
Q
  • focuses on determining the health effects of inhaled pollutants

-She develops chemical analytical techniques to detect pollutants and their metabolites in body tissues and fluids

-uses mathematics to describe the relationships between the air and body concentrations of these chemicals or their metabolites

  • determines how these concentrations change with time
A

Henderson

42
Q

needed to form bonds between atoms, and energy is released when bonds break.

A

Energy

43
Q

use chemical energy for life activities.

A

Cells

44
Q

increase in oxidation number
addition of oxygen
removal of hydrogen

A

Oxidation

45
Q

decrease in oxidation number
addition of hydrogen
removal of oxygen

A

Reduction

46
Q

reaction in the presence of water, acid, base or enzyme

A

Hydrolysis

47
Q

interconversion of aldehyde/ketone to alcohol

A

Tautomerism

48
Q

reaction of two or more substances with the removal of water from the molecules.

A

Condensation

49
Q

pH < 7 ->[H3O+] > 1 x 10−7

A

Acidic solution

50
Q

pH = 7= [H3O+] = 1 x 10−7

A

Neutral solution

51
Q

pH > 7 -> [H3O+] < 1 x 10−7

A

Basic solution

Biochem (4 decks)

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