CARBOHYDRATES Flashcards
represent a broad group of substances that include sugars, starches, gums, and celluloses.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates contain
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
their combustion will yield carbon dioxide plus one or more molecules of water.
Carbohydrates
formulas of many carbohydrates can be written as
carbon hydrates, Cn(H2O)n
- the most important carbohydrate; the major metabolic fuel of mammals (except ruminants) and are the universal fuel of the fetus.
- It is the precursor for the synthesis of all the other carbohydrates in the body.
Glucose
Carbohydrates, called sugars and starches, are ____ or ____, or compounds that can be hydrolyzed to them
polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones
Sources of Carbohydrates:
A] sucrose [table sugar],
B] glucose,
C] fructose,
D] lactose,
E] maltose and
f] starches (found in pasta, bread, and grains). These carbohydrates can be digested by the body and provide energy for cells.
carbohydrates that the human body doesn’t digest, including insoluble fiber,
A] cellulose from plants, and
B] chitin from insects and other arthropods.
include both food sources-animal and plant products, such as fresh fruits, vegetables, corn, potatoes, milk and milk products.
Healthy sources of carbohydrates
include soda, white bread, artificial sugar, pastries, and other highly processed foods.
Unhealthy sources of carbohydrates
are an important source of fiber and other nutrients.
Carbohydrate foods
provide glucose, the main energy source for the body.
Sugars and starches
Major sources of Healthy Carbohydrates
Good Carbs:
Vegetables: All of them. …
Whole fruits: Apples, bananas, strawberries, etc.
Legumes: Lentils, kidney beans, peas, etc.
Nuts: Almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, peanuts, etc.
Seeds: Chia seeds, pumpkin seeds.
Whole grains: Choose grains that are truly whole, as in pure oats, quinoa, brown rice, etc.
six major functions in the body of carbohydrates
-providing energy,
-regulating blood glucose,
-sparing the use of proteins for energy,
-breaking down fatty acids,
-providing dietary fiber and
-natural sweetener for foods.
Stored glucose energy, with the majority of it in the muscle and liver
glycogen
Primary Function of Carbohydrates.
-supply energy to all cells in the body
called Carbs, are defined as aldehydic or ketonic compounds with some number of oxydrilic groups (so polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones as well).
Carbohydrates
three major classes of carbohydrates
monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- or simply sugars are formed by only one polyhydroxy aldehydic or ketonic unit.
- the most abundant monosaccharide is D-glucose, also called dextrose.
- the simplest carbohydrates,
generally have 3 to 6 C atoms in a chain with an
aldehyde or ketone ending and many –OH groups.
Monosaccharides
most abundant monosaccharide is D-glucose, also called
dextrose
formed by short chains of monosaccharide units (from 2 to 20) linked one to the next by chemical bonds, called glycosidic bonds.
Oligosaccharides
- The most abundant oligosaccharides
- formed by two monosaccharides, and especially in the human diet the most important are sucrose (common table sugar), lactose, and maltose.
disaccharides
polymers consisting of 20 to 107 monosaccharide units; they differ each other for the monosaccharides recurring in the structure, for the length and the degree of branching of chains or for the type of links between units.
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides if they contain only one type of monosaccharide as starch, glycogen, and chitin;
Homopolysaccharides
