introduction to the reproductive system Flashcards
what are gametes
a haploid cell
what is the male gamete
spermatozoa
what is the female gamete
oocyte or ovum
where does the pelvic cavity lie
within the bony pelvis, between the pelvic inlet and the pelvic outlet
in terms of space what is the pelvic cavity
Continuous with abdominal cavity
Pelvic floor:
internal wall of skeletal muscle that separates the pelvic cavity and the perineum
perineum:
inferior to pelvic floor, situated between the proximal parts of lower limbs
Pelvic roof:
formed by parietal peritoneum (lining of abdominal cavity)
Peritoneal cavity:
space between visceral and parietal cavity
what is so special about the Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)
it is double folding of the peritoneum between therectumand the posterior wall of the uterus
- Most inferior part of the peritoneal cavity in an upright female patient
what are the female reproductive organs
Ovaries - main organ
Accessory reproductive organs - uterine tubes, uterus, vagina
what are the layers of the uterus wall
- Perimetrium
- Myometrium
- Endometrium
anteverted
cervix tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina
anteflexed
Uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix
where do the ovaries develop
on the posterior abdominal wall and move to lateral wall of the pelvis
what do ovaries secrete
they Secrete oestrogen and progesterone in response to pituitary hormones
Ovulation + menstruation
- Ova released from ovaries into peritoneal cavity
- Ovum gathered by fimbriae into infundibulum of uterine tube
- Ovum moved along uterine tube by cilia until it reaches the uterus
- During menstruation, an unfertilized ovum is expelled by contractions of the myometrium
Tubal ligation
both uterine tubes
clipped, cut or cauterised
blocks the lumen
fertilization:
usually occurs in the ampulla
implantation:
usually occurs in the body of the uterus
Ectopic pregnancy:
fertilized ovum implants outside of the uterine cavity
Male reproductive organs
Testes
Accessory reproductive organs - vas deferens, prostate gland, penis
Retrovesical pouch
Double folding of peritoneum located between the rectumand the bladder
During development the testis originate on
the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity
By birth the testes have descended into the
scrotum through the anterior abdominal wall
Spermatic cord contains:
- Vas deferens
- Testicular artery
- Pampiniform plexus of veins
where are the spermatozoa produced
in the seminiferous tubules
Sperm pass to rete testis, then into
head of epididymis
Epididymis becomes
vas deferens
how do Sperm pass from the testes
via the vas deferens (part of the spermatic cord)
where does each spermatic cord pass through
the anterior abdominal wall to reach the pelvic cavity
what does torsion of the testes involve
- Twisting of the spermatic cord
- Disrupts blood supply - severe pain, danger of necrosis
male sterilisation
- Vasectomy
- Vas deferens transected and lumen sutured shut
where does Each vas deferens connects with
the duct from a seminal gland - ejaculatory duct
Right and left ejaculatory ducts join together where
within the prostate and drain into urethra
where does the urethra open
at the external urethral meatus of the penis
