bones

Question 1

what is endochondral ossification

Answer 1

process in which an initial small hyaline cartilage version grows and turns into bone

Question 2

what is at each end of a bone

Answer 2

• an epiphysis
• an epiphyseal growth plate
• Metaphysis
• Diaphysis is found between the two ends

Question 3

growth plate of hyaline cartilage ossifies =

Answer 3

bone growth ceases

Question 4

what is the outer cortex

Answer 4

dense, strong, heavy and COMPACT

Question 5

what is the inner medulla

Answer 5

porous, weaker, lighter and SPONGY

Question 6

what is the periosteum

Answer 6

fibrous connective tissue ‘sleeve’ VASCULARISED

Question 7

what is the nutrient vessel

Answer 7

artery and vein (they carry blood to/ from medullary cavity)

Question 8

what are the 3 fossae in which the cranial cavity is divided into

Answer 8

• anterior cranial fossa
• middle cranial fossa
• posterior cranial fossa

Question 9

singular: fossa =

Answer 9

space

Question 10

what is foramine

Answer 10

a ‘hole’, for cranial nerves and the brains blood vessels to pass in/out of the cranial cavity

Question 11

what is involved in the axial skeleton

Answer 11

• bones of the skull
• bones of the neck
• bones of the trunk

Question 12

what is involves in the appendicular skeleton

Answer 12

• bones of the pectoral girdle
• bones of the upper limbs
• bones of the pelvic girdle
• bones of the lower limb

Question 13

how many vertebrae are there in total

Answer 13

33

Question 14

where does the intervertebral foramen form and what emerges here

Answer 14

between adjacent vertebrae and spinal nerve emerge here

Question 15

where are the facet joint between and what is it affected by

Answer 15

between articular processes of 2 adjacent vertebrae and is affected by arthritis

Question 16

what do all cervical vertebrae have

Answer 16

foramen in each transverse process

Question 17

describe the C1 - atlas

Answer 17

• does not have a body or spinous process
• it has a posterior arch and an anterior arch instead

Question 18

describe the C2 - axis

Answer 18

• has an odontoid process
• projects superiorly from body

Question 19

describe C7

Answer 19

vertebrae prominens

Question 20

describe the bones of the chest

Answer 20

• 12 pairs of ribs
• true rib = 1-7
• false ribs = 8-10
• floating ribs 11,12

Question 21

what are the bones of the appendicular skeleton

Answer 21

the pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle

Question 22

what are the bones of the appendicular skeleton

Answer 22

the upper limb and lower limb

Question 23

what does the pectoral girdle include

Answer 23

2 scapulae and 2 clavicles

Question 24

what does the pelvic girdle include

Answer 24

the 2 hip bones and the sacrum

Question 25

what does the upper limb include

Answer 25

the arm, forearm and hand

Question 26

what does the lower limb include

Answer 26

thigh, leg and foot

Question 27

what makes up the skeleton

Answer 27

bones and cartilage

Question 28

what is bone

Answer 28

Hard, connective tissue

Question 29

what is the function of bone

Answer 29

• Support & protection of the body organs
• Calcium metabolism
• Red blood cell formation
• Attachment for skeletal muscles

Question 30

what is cartilage

Answer 30

• less rigid than bone
• located where mobility is required at articulations (joints)

Question 31

where do movements of the Skeleton occur

Answer 31

at joints

Question 32

why do skeletal muscles contract and why is this important

Answer 32

to move the bones and therefore joints we couldn’t move